HOAAID: [2] Aegean/Greek/Etruscan/Roman

Palace of Knossos

A spreading palace of stone and wood for the king, with so many chambers above and below the ground. Also known as "Palace of Minos".

Cyclopean Architecture

Term used by the Ancient Greeks to describe the architecture of the Ancient Aegean/Mycenaean civilization due to the enormous size of the stones used in the construction.

Megaron

Means "big room"; a prehistoric throne room.

Tholos

Beehive tomb boasted of the largest dome in pre-Roman world.

Polis

Independent city-states

eidolon

Spirit image of a living or dead person made usually of marble.

Minoan

Period relating to King Minos. Discovered by Sir Arthur Evans.

Sir Arthur Evans

Discovered Minoan culture.

snake goddess

Small scultpures during Minoan period.

cyclopean masonry

Large, rough cut and irregular stones.

corbelling

Made of layers called courses.

Kouros

Robed standing youth.

Kore

Sculpture of women with the archaic smile.

hellenic

Pertains to the period before Alexander the Great

Severe Style

Characterized by movement; towards increasing naturalness and freedom of form; use of lost wax method and bronze casting. (Example: Bronze charioteer, Poseidon)

Cassical Style

The art of Greece's Golden Age. Idealized representations with perfect bodily proportion.

Contrapposto position

Contrary positions of the arms and legs.

Hellenistic Art

Of or pertaining to Greek, culture and art of the times of Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC.

Geometric Style

Style of Greek pottery characterized by rectilinear meander patterns.

Orientalizing Style

Style of Greek pottery characterized by assimilation of Eastern iconography.

Archaic Style

Style of Greek pottery characterized by black figure.

Black figure

A style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground.

Ezekias

Famous painter of black figure.

Red figure

A style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which red figures are painted on a black background.

White ground

A wash of white clay formed the background and figures were applied in black and additional colors were added.

stylobate

Topmost step of three steps

shaft

Column itself composed of drums with flutes, a base and a capital.

drum

Individual section of a column

flute

Concave grooves in a column

necking

Snug band at the top of the shaft

echinus

Flat, curved element like a plate

abacus

Flat square above the echinus

entablature

Forms the lintel in an order

architrave

Plain, horizontal member above a capital

frieze

A band above the architrave consisting of metopes and triglyphs

metope

Slabs of stone either plane or with relief sculpture on an entablature

regula

Short band under the triglyph

cornice

Projection above the frieze to protect it from weather

raking cornice

Type of cornice that is low and slanting

pediment

Rests on the cornice

entasis

Technique applied on columns which do not taper in a straight line

fillet

(Moulding) Small, flat and plain surface used to separate other moldings

fascia

(Moulding) Wide, straight surface

ovolo

(Moulding) Convex curved surface, quarter circle, egg and dart motif

cavetto

(Moulding) Concave curved surface, quarter circle

cyma recta

(Moulding) S-shaped curved surface that starts and ends horizontally; Honeysuckle motif

cyma reversa

(Moulding) S-shaped curved surface that stars and ends vertically; Waterleaf motif

torus

(Moulding) Convex surface; semi-circle; guilloche

bead

(Moulding) Small torus

scotia

(Moulding) Deep, hollow, concave moulding on the column base

telamones

Male figure as columns

agora

(Greek architecture) plaza/court, meeting place, platform for speaker

stoa

(Greek architecture) Long, colonnaded multi-purpose building

acropolis

(Greek architecture) city upon a hill

temple

(Greek architecture) Built to house the deity

theatre

(Greek architecture) For plays and performances

auditorium

(Type of Greek Theater) Semi-circular form hollowed out of a hill

odeon

(Type of Greek Theater) Covered smaller theaters

stadium

(Type of Greek Theater) Elongated theater for foot races

hippodrome

(Type of Greek Theater) For horse and chariot races

orchestra

(Part of Greek Theater) "Dancing place"; Large, circular area with a slightly raised stone for the deity

proscenium

(Part of Greek Theater) Acting area behind the orchestra

skene

(Part of Greek Theater) Backdrop

parodos

(Part of Greek Theater) Entrance

exodus

(Part of Greek Theater) Exit

prytaneion

(Greek architecture) Senate house

bouleterion

(Greek architecture) Council house

mausoleum

(Greek architecture) Large tomb

palestra

(Greek architecture) Gymnasium

Parthenon

Temple devoted to Athena composed of Doric columns

Ictinus and Callicrates

Architects of the Parthenon

portrait sculpture

(Roman) Sculpture that depicted non-idealized versions of people

relief sculpture

(Roman) Sculpture that depicted narratives. Usually appeared on arches, altars and tombs

Roman fresco technique

fresco technique involving painting directly on a plaster wall

buon fresco

Painting on wet plaster

fresco secco

Dry fresco

mosaic

A picture or pattern made of many small colored pieces of stone or glass

vault

Arched masonry that forms the ceiling of a building. An extended arch.

dome

Extended round arch

concrete

Mixture of small stones, sand, lime and water

Vitruvius

Established certain rules for standardizing Greek orders for architecture

module

Measuring unit for each order

composite order

A Roman order which has a combination of Ionic shaft and Corinthian capital.

tuscan order

A Roman order that resembles the Doric order but without a fluted shaft.

forum

(Roman architecture)

Counterpart of the agora composed of temples, triumphal arches, pillars of victories, basilica, senate and shops

domus

(Roman architecture)

Middle class house

insulae

(Roman architecture)

Blocks of flats used as a shop and apartment.

villa

(Roman architecture)

Upper class house

semi-circular orchestra

(Roman architecture)

Difference between Greek and Roman theatre

amphitheater

(Roman architecture)

Smaller than a colosseum

circus

(Roman architecture)

Long race courses for chariots, also called Hippodrome.

aqueducts

(Roman architecture)

Large reservoirs

basilica

(Roman architecture)

Roman law court which eventually became a hall of justice and commercial exchange

thermae

(Roman architecture)

Public bath. Example: Baths of Caracalla

caldarium

(Part of a thermae)

hot room

tepidarium

(Part of a thermae)

warm room

frigidarium

(Part of a thermae)

cold room

lanconicum

(Part of a thermae)

dry sweating room

unctuaria

(Part of a thermae)

oiling and shampooing

apodyteria

(Part of a thermae)

dressing room