A&P 1 Exam 3

Another name for the bones of the toes is

phalanges

If a patient entered the ER with a fractured femur and the diaphysis was protruding from the skin... which of the following would be correct?
complete fracture
compound fracture
open fracture
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which of the following ribs are attached in some manner (either directly or indirectly) anteriorly to the sternum?

ribs 1-10

Which of the following types of vertebrae have transverse vertebral foramina?

cervical

Which of the following statements regarding bone remodeling is/are TRUE?
happens before bones have completed growth
as fractures heal
after changes to stress on bones
all of these
none of these

all of these

When you slowly sat down into the chair you are sitting in, what movement occurred in your hip and knee joints to lower your body?

flexion

Which of the following is TRUE about bone growth?
can occur interstitially
begins as lamellar
matrix is deposited by osteoclasts
all of these
none of these

none of these

A _______ is a flattened or shallow depression on the surface of a bone.

fossa

The second vertebra is...
part of a pivot joint
C2
the axis
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which of the following joints is found in the pedal/tarsal region?
proximal radioulnar
humeroradial
proximal tibiofemoral
all of these
none of these

none of these

What are the cells found within the lacunae of bones called?

ostrocytes

Most of long bones getting "longer" occurs by growth at or via...?

epiphyseal plate

The "middle" or shaft of a long bone is the..

diaphysis

Which of the following combinations of substances/nutrients that are stored in bone is/are correct?

calcium, fat, and phosphate

Which of the following statements about the suture joints of the skull is/are true?
the adjoining bones each have their own, separate periosteum
the adjacent surfaces of each bone are flat and smooth
fibers (collagen etc.) span the gap from one bone to the adjacent bone
all of these are true
none of these are true

fibers (collagen etc.) span the gap from one bone to the adjacent bone

Cytoplasmic projections ("tentacles") between adjacent osteocytes occur in small spaces within compact bone called...
the central canal
lamellae
vertebral foramen
all of these
none of these

none of these

The addition of new bone on top of existing bone to increase bone thickness is called

appositional growth

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is...

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.

Which of the following hormones is necessary for normal bone growth?
growth hormone
thyroid hormone
sex hormones
all of these
none of these

all of these

What type of synovial joint movement will move a limb towards (return to )the coronal plane?
Dorsiflexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
none of these

extension

Shrugging the shoulders is an example of...

elevation

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?
inferior nasal conchae
ribs
vomer
all of these
none of these

none of these

An exaggerated posterior or dorsal curvature of the vertebral column (typically thoracic) is called?

kyphosis

The type of joint between the two pubic bones (R & L) is...

symphysis

What structure in the knee would most likely be damaged by a severe lateral blow to the knee?

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

What structure forms the "point" of the elbow?

olecranon process of the ulna

The medullary cavity contains?
periosteum
endosteum
yellow marrow
a & c
b&c

b & c

What are the intervertebral disks that function as "shock-absorbers" composed of?

fibrocartilage

Rotating the forearms so that the palms are facing upward is an example of...

supination

Which of the following is/are a fibrous joint(s)?
between jaw and teeth
between the two parietal bones
between the radius and ulna
all of these
none of these

all of these

The most distal part of the sternum is the...

xiphoid process

The membranous soft spots of a newborn's skull....
allow brain growth.
are called fontanels.
eventually ossify.
all of these
none of these

all of these

During endochondral ossification which of the following occurs?
osteoblasts break down bone
hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue
osteoblasts deposit hyaline matrix
chondrocytes die to make space for osteoprogenitor cells
none of these

none of these

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is?

proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone is known as the ________ cavity

medullary

Which of the following statements concerning synchondroses is/are TRUE?

they have a lot of movement because cartilage is so flexible
they are formed by fibrocartilage connecting adjacent bones.
ribs are attached to sternum via this type of joint (although can become converted to synovial).
all of these
none of these

ribs are attached to sternum via this type of joint (although can become converted to synovial).

Red marrow......

is located in the spaces surrounding bony trabeculae

___________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ___________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins

A _________ is a rounded opening through a bone

foramen

The joint between the atlas and the occipital bone is an examples of a _________ joint.

ellipsoid

What is a common function of the various tubercles found on bones?

an opening for blood vessels
for muscle attachment
source of new bone growth
all of these
none of these

for muscle attachment

The type of movement where a limb is moved towards the sagittal plane is called

adduction

Which of the following is a difference between the male and female pelvis?
The female hips are broader.
The female pelvic canal is wider.
The female sub-pubic arch is wider.
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which of the following is a bone of the skull, but NOT a bone of the cranium?

nasal

The sacroiliac joint is between the

vertebrae and coxae

Which of the following is TRUE about woven bone?

is formed during the initial steps of producing "mature bone
is responsible for creating lamellae
is the primary component of nearly all mature osteons
all of these
none of these

is formed during the initial steps of producing "mature bone

What type of joint is located in the elbow at the radioulnar joint (proximal end of these 2 bones)?

synovial

The 7 ankle bones are called the

tarsals

Which bone(s) articulate with the scaphoid bone?

radius
trapezium
lunate
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

sternum
ribs
sacrum
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

osteoclasts

If a surgeon accidentally removed the parathyroid glands, the absence of PTH would cause...

a decrease in blood calcium levels

Which of the following are the bone-eating (resorbing) cells?

osteoclasts

The "socket" or "cup" on the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur is the _________ ?

acetabulum

Bursae are...

fluid filled sacs

Which of the following is a function of the skeleton?
produces blood cells
provides sites for muscle attachment
protects internal organs
all of these
none of these

all of these

Which of the following describes the material found within the joint cavity of a synovial joint?

is a fluid produced by the synovial membrane
consists of water. ions, nutrients and proteoglycans
called synovial fluid
all of these
none of these

all of these

Excessive blood Ca2+ levels stimulates ________ secretion, which leads to _________

calcitonin; increased osteoblast activity

During intramembranous ossification...

bone develops within sheets of fibrous connective tissue

Which of the following is TRUE of osseous trabeculae?

align parallel to stress lines
found in cancellous bone
composed of lamellar bone
all of these
none of these

all of these

What type of cells secrete/form the matrix of bone?

osteoblasts

What type of tissue covers the ends of bones that are parts of synovial joints?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is TRUE of the shoulder joint?

it is a syndesmosis joint
known as the femuro-tibial joint
can do opposition
all of these
none of these

none of these

Which of the following would be classified as an irregular bone?

sphenoid bone

Which of the following pairs of terms/definitions etc. is false or mismatched?

ankle-calcaneofibular ligament
shoulder joint - humeroscapular joint
knee joint medial and lateral collateral ligaments
hip joint - fibrocartilage meniscus
elbow joint humero-ulnar joint

hip joint - fibrocartilage meniscus