The Interview

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to client interviews from lecture notes.

Goal of the Interview

To record a complete health history (subjective data), gather objective data, identify health strengths & problems, and establish a bridge to the physical exam.

Successful Interview

Achieves complete & accurate subjective and objective data collection, establishes rapport & trust, teaches about the health state, builds a therapeutic relationship, and begins health promotion & disease prevention education.

Interview Contract Parameters

Includes time & place, an introduction, explanation of roles, the purpose and length of the interview, expectations, confidentiality, and cost (financial, time, emotional).

Communication Facilitators (Interview)

Elements that help communication in an interview, such as privacy, comfort, reduced noise, removed distractions, correct distance, eye level, and appropriate eye contact.

Communication Blocks (Interview)

Obstacles to effective communication in an interview, including lack of privacy, discomfort, loud noises, distractions, incorrect distance (too close or too far), height differences, and shifting eyes.

Introductory Phase (Interview)

The initial stage of an interview where the informal contract is initiated, addressing the patient by surname, introducing yourself, explaining your role, and stating the reason for the interview.

Open-ended Questions

Questions that enable the person to express more information, encouraging detailed responses.

Closed-ended/Direct Questions

Questions that ask for specific information, often eliciting a 'yes' or 'no' or a brief factual answer.

Nonverbal Communication (Nurse & Client)

Includes physical appearance, posture, gestures, facial expression, eye contact, touch, personal space, and territoriality for both the nurse and the client.

Facilitation (Examiner Response)

A general lead, such as 'un-huh,' 'continue,' or 'yes,' used to encourage the client to keep talking.

Reflection (Examiner Response)

Echoing the client's words to encourage them to elaborate on what they just said.

Empathy (Examiner Response)

The ability to recognize and accept the client's feelings and communicate this understanding.

Clarification (Examiner Response)

Asking the client to define a term or confirm understanding, for example, 'I heard you say… is that correct?'.

Confrontation (Examiner Response)

Drawing the person's attention to an observed action or statement, typically when there's an inconsistency.

Interpretation (Examiner Response)

Correlating data input and making an inference to provide an explanation for the client's observed behavior or statement.

Explanation (Examiner Response)

Providing factual information or explaining procedures to the client.

Summary (Examiner Response)

A brief review of the interview's main points, signaling that termination of the interview is imminent.

Termination Phase (Interview)

The final stage of the interview, during which the data is reviewed, and the interview concludes.

Traps of Interviewing

Common pitfalls to avoid in an interview, including providing false assurance, giving unwanted advice, using authority, employing avoidance language, engaging in distancing, using professional jargon, asking leading/biased questions, talking too much, interrupting, and using 'Why' questions.

Interviewing Infants

Involves using firm, gentle handling and keeping the parent in view during the interaction.

Interviewing Preschoolers (2-6 yrs)

Requires using short, simple sentences, avoiding expressions with different meanings, and giving simple explanations of equipment.

Interviewing School-Age Children (7-12 yrs)

Involves asking the child first about symptoms, then the parent; asking about school and friends; and explaining equipment and procedures in simple terms.

Interviewing Adolescents

Requires showing respect and acceptance, being honest, staying in character, using ice breakers, keeping questions short and simple (especially about personal issues), and informing them about what information must be shared.

Interviewing Older Adults

Involves allowing extra time, adjusting the pace, considering any physical/mental limitations, and using touch when culturally accepted.

Special Needs Clients (Interview)

Clients who require adapted interview approaches due to conditions such as hearing impairment, acute illness, intoxication, anger, anxiety, or highly personal questioning.

Cultural Impact (Gender in Interview)

Refers to how gender considerations, such as the potential for offense for a female to examine a male unchaperoned (or vice versa), can impact the interview process.

Cultural Impact (Sexual Orientation in Interview)

Emphasizes the importance of avoiding assumptions about a client's sexual orientation to maintain a respectful and inclusive interview environment.

Cultural Impact (Language Barriers in Interview)

Highlights the necessity of utilizing an interpreter when language differences exist to ensure effective communication and accurate data collection.