Types of Tissues - Anatomy and Physiology

Epithelial tissue

sheets of cells that cover a bodys surface or lines a body cavity; cells fit so close to make continuous sheets; contains nerves but no blood vessels; quick regeneration

Simple

one layer

Epithelial tissue

sheets of cells that cover a bodys surface or lines a body cavity; cells fit so close to make continuous sheets; contains nerves but no blood vessels; quick regeneration

Simple

one layer

Stratified

more than one layer

squamous

flat shape

cuboidal

square shape

columnar

long shape

Simple squamous epithelial

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration sites where protection is not important. secretes lubricating substances in serosae

simple squamous epithelial location

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of hear, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity

simple cuboidal epithelial

secretion and absorption

simple cuboidal epithelial location

Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

simple columnar epithelial

absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

simple columnar epithelial location

nonciliated: digestive tract lining, gallbladder ans excretory ducts
ciliated: small bronchi, uterine tube, and some regions of the uterus

stratified squamous epithelial

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

stratified squamous epithelial location

nonkeratinized: forms moist linings of esophagus, mouth and vagina. keratinized: forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

pseudostratified epithelial

secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

pseudostratified epithelial location

nonciliated: male sperm carrying ducts, ducts of large glands. ciliated: lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

transitional epithelial

stretches readily and permits dissension or urinary organs by contained urine

transitional epithelial location

lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

nervous tissue

transmits messages throughout the body via electrical impulses

neurons

transmit electrical signals from the sensory receptors and to effectors ( muscles and glands) which control their activity

neurons location

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

neuroglia (peripheral)

satelite cells and schwann cells

neuroglia (central)

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

connective tissue

most abundant and widely distributed tissue in various degrees

connective tissue functions

binding and support, protection, insulation, transportation

Loose connective tissue, areolar

wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

loose connective tissue areolar location

Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries.

loose connective, adipose

provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

loose connective adipose location

under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts

loose connective, reticular

fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

loose connective reticular location

lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

dense connective regular

attaches muscles to bones; bones to muscles; bones to bones. withstanding great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction.

dense connective regular location

tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

dense connective irregular

able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

dense connective irregular location

dermis of the skin, submucosa of digestive tract, fibrous capsules of organs and joints.

cartilage connective tissue

supports and reinforces, has resilient cushioning properties, resists compressive stress

cartilage connective tissue location

forms most of the embryonic skeleton, covers the ends of the long bone in joint cavities, forms costal cartilage of the ribs, cartilage of the nose, trachea and larynx

bone connective tissue

bone support and protect (by enclosing); provided levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

bone connective tissue location

bones

blood connective

transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

blood connective location

contained within blood vessels

smooth muscle

fibers are thin and tapered, no striations, single nuclei, produces involuntary movement

smooth muscle location

organs

skeletal muscle

multinucleated, striated, resembles salmon meat, produces voluntary movement

skeletal muscle location

attached to the skeleton

cardiac muscle

Striated, involuntary muscle, thick chunky ribbon shaped cells

cardiac muscle location

only in the heart

elastic cartilage

maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

elastic cartilage location

supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

fibrocartilage

tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

fibrocartilage location

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint