International Tourism Policy Exam

International Tourist

A person who travels to a country other than their usual residence for up to 12 months, with the main purpose of visiting not being work-related, and staying at least one night in the visited country.

International Tourist Industry

The domestic activities supporting the consumption of goods and services by foreign tourists in a country.

Components of International Tourist Industry

Accommodation, Transport, Entertainment, Attractions.

Emerging Destinations

Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, Eastern Mediterranean Europe, Middle East.

Most Visited Countries (2018)

France, Spain, United States, China, Italy, Turkey, Mexico, Germany, Thailand, United Kingdom.

Purpose of Visit

Leisure, visiting family and friends, business, unspecified reasons.

Mode of Transport

Air, Road, Rail, Water.

Growth of International Tourism

Route to economic development, large labor force, less harmful industry, utilizes existing resources, attracts remote areas, preserves culture.

Contributions to Exports

Tourism accounts for 30% of world service exports, ranks 4th after fuels, chemicals, and food, crucial for many emerging economies.

Functions of UNWTO

Promotes responsible, sustainable tourism, drives economic growth, encourages global code of ethics, supports sustainable development goals.

Contemporary Travel Trends

Bleisure Travel, Automation, Personalization, Tech-empowered Travel, Sustainability, Transformative Travel.

The Millennial Market

Characteristics, Technology savvy, Good Citizenship, Wish to Learn, Spontaneous, Marketing preferences.

Chinese Market

Passport ownership, Group travel preference, Drivers fueling the market, Activities engaged in, Repeat visitor trends.

Climate Change Implications for Tourism

Sea level rise, shorter winter sports seasons, biodiversity changes, greenhouse gas emissions rise.

Sustainable Tourism Development

Environmental, socio-cultural, and economic pillars, stakeholder participation, continuous monitoring, tourist satisfaction.

Accessible Tourism

A concept that enables all individuals, including those with disabilities or access needs, to participate in and enjoy tourism experiences.

Persons with Disabilities

Individuals who have physical limitations or disabilities, representing a significant proportion of the global population.

Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT)

Tourism that generates net benefits for the poor, focusing on economic, social, environmental, and cultural aspects.

International Action and Frameworks

Involves the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, emphasizing accessibility and participation in tourism for individuals with disabilities.

Silver-Haired Tourists

Refers to individuals over 60 years old who form a significant market in tourism, characterized by specific demands and preferences.

Women in Tourism

Describes the challenges and opportunities faced by women in the tourism industry, including gender stereotyping, barriers to advancement, and discrimination.

Malaysian Women Tourist Guides Association

Established in 2007 to advocate for safe working environment, equal job opportunities, and equal pay for women guides

Informal Employment

Tourism offers opportunities for informal employment, especially in service sectors like souvenir making, catering, janitorial work, and security positions

Exploitation in Tourism

Includes poor wages, dangerous conditions, discrimination, harassment, prostitution, slavery, and human trafficking, affecting vulnerable women and children in developing countries

Improving Women’s Employment in Tourism

Focuses on equal participation, pay, occupational status, better working conditions, legal protection, maternity leave, and entrepreneurship for women in tourism

Global Code of Ethics for Tourism

Outlines principles for responsible tourism, including mutual understanding, individual and collective fulfillment, sustainable development, cultural heritage, benefits for host communities, and rights of workers and entrepreneurs.