A&P II Exam 2 - SI Session Review

Pulmonary ventilation is also known as

Breathing

Exchange of gases between the air and blood is ___ and the exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid is ___

External respiration; internal respiration

Nasal cavity, pharynx, nose, paranasal sinuses

Structures of the upper respiratory tract

Identify the structure that keeps food and drink from entering the lower respiratory tract.

Epiglottis

The serous membrane adhering to the surface of the lungs is the ___ and the serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the ___

Visceral pleura; parietal pleura

During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ___ and the intrapulmonary pressure to ___

Decrease; increase

Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to inspiration?

The diaphragm is relaxed

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transpored?

Attached to the heme group of the hemoglobin in RBC’s

Which of these is not a function of the respiratory system?

Supply body with carbon dioxide for respiration

Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of ___ and a low concentration of ___

Carbon dioxide; oxygen

Inflammation of the vocal folds that causes the vocal folds to swell, interfering with vibration

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to viral infection or allergies

Rhinitis

Which of these is NOT a function of blood?

Regulate production of CO2 in the body

How does fluid volume of the blood effect blood pressure?

Increasing fluid volume increases blood pressure

What is plasma mostly composed of?

Water

The plasma proteins that circulate in the plasma are made by:

The liver

Red blood cells:

Don’t have a nucleus

Production increases when blood oxygen decreases

Erythropoietin

The term “Hematopoiesis” refers to

The process of blood cell formation

The most numerous type of white blood cells, whose primary function is phagocytosis

Neutrophils

The white blood cells that release large amounts of histamine are

Basophils

Cell fragments, have surface molecules that attach to collagen, play an important role in clot formation

Platelets

An elevated neutrophil count is usually indicative of

A bacterial Infection

Which hormone stimulates RBC formation?

Erythropoietin

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?

-leukocytes protect against disease

-platelets phagocytize bacteria

-plasma proteins maintain blood osmotic pressure

Platelets phagocytize bacteria

Which cells is NOT classified as a granulocyte?

-Basophil

-Eosinophil

-Lymphocyte

-Neutrophil

Lymphocyte

A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that blocks blood flow in a vessel

Supplying part of a lung

Identify the circuit that pumps blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart

Pulmonary circuit

Identify the thickest layer of the heart wall

Myocardium

The chamber of the heart that receives oxygen poor blood from the body is the

Right atrium

Identify the valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium

Angina pectoris

The first sound of the heart beat results from

The closing of the atrioventricular valves

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

Why is there a delay in processing the electrical signal from the AV node to the AV bundle?

To allow the atria to complete their contraction prior to ventricular contraction

What ECG wave accompanies ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex

A rapid, uncoordinated heart beat is called

Fibrillation

The contraction of the heart muscle is called

Systole

During atrial systole, the atria are ___, and the ventricles are ___

Contracting; relaxing

What causes the semilunar valves to open?

Increase in pressure in ventricles

The volume of blood pumped by a ventricle per minute is the ___

Cardiac output

Identify the type of vessel that functions in exchange of blood, gases, nutrients, and wastes

Capillaries

The muscular layer of the blood vessel wall is the

Tunica Media

Place the layers of a blood vessel in order from innermost to outermost layer

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Which of the following is NOT true of artery structure and function?

-Arteries carry blood toward the heart

-The tunica media is thicker in arteries

-Smaller arteries called arterioles control blood pressure

-Arteries expand and recoil as the heart beats

Arteries carry blood toward the heart

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?

-Have valves

-Receive blood from venules

-Transport oxygen rich blood

-Transport blood toward the heart

Transport oxygen rich blood

If the diameter of a blood vessel decreases, then the resistance will ___, thus blood pressure will ___

Increase; increase

Which blood vessel wall layer is correctly matched with a statement about its tissue structure?

-Tunica externa, consists of smooth muscle tissue

-Tunica interna, consists of a thin layer of connective tissue only

-Tunica media, consists of simple squamous epithelium

-Tunica media, consists of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

Tunica media, consists of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

____ is force exerted by fluid pressing against capillary walls while ___ is pressure created by non diffusible proteins pulling water back into the capillary

Hydrostatic pressure; colloid osmotic pressure

Name the condition of having low blood pressure (below 100 systolic)

Hypotension