Male Reproduction Chapter 26 Study Prompts

Do you know the name, function and location of the male gonad?

testis, in the scrotum, make gamete and sex hormone

Can you list the ducts of the male reproductive system?

epidiymis, ductus deferens and urethra

Can you list the accessory glands of the system?

1. What purpose do these glands serve?

seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands. Add secretions to the sperm to form semen

Can you describe the structure, location and function of the scrotum?

external sac made of skin and superficial fascia that contains the testes and is responsible for regulation of the temperature for the testes

Can you name and describe the function of the two muscles that control intrascrotal temperature?

Muscles:

1. Dartos- muscle in the scrotal wall that wrinkles or smooths out the skin to regulate temperature

2. Cremaster- runs from the inguinal canal to the testis and raises or lowers the testis to bring them closer to or farther away from the core body temperature

Can you describe the shape, location and function of the testes?

• oval, roughly 4cm long and 2.5 cm wide.

• Located in the scrotum and makes gamete and sex hormone

Can you describe the structure, location and function of the seminiferous tubules?

highly coiled tubes, whose walls are made of cells called Sertoli (sustentacular) cells, in the lobules of the testis that produce sperm.

Do you know the name of the cells that surround the seminiferous tubules and supply androgen for sperm production?

1. What hormone stimulates the Leydig cells?

   1. Where does this hormone come from?

2. What is the other name for Leydig cells?

Leydig (interstitial) cells.

1. LH from the pituitary- won't be tested on this, though

Can you describe the blood supply to/from the testis?

Gonadal arteries and veins, but specifically (to gender) the testicular artery enters the testis and the pampiniform plexus (which takes up heat from the artery) becomes the testicular vein leaving the testis

Do you know the location, function and structure of the spermatic cord?

• from the inguinal canal to the testis.

• It is a CT wrapping that surrounds the blood supply, nerves and ductus deferens.

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the penis?

• copulatory organ that delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract.

• Part of the male external genitalia. Located in the perineum.

Do you know what the perineum is (note- this is not peritoneum)?

• area of the body defined by the two ischial tuberosities laterally, the pubic symphysis anteriorly and the coccyx posteriorly,

Can you describe and give functions for the following structures of the penis?

1. Root

2. Prepuce

3. Corpus spongiosum

4. Corpora cavernosa

5. Glans penis

Structures:

1. Root- attaches penis to the body

2. Prepuce- skin that covers the widened end of the penis

3. Corpus spongiosum- surrounds the urethra in the penis and keeps it patent (open) during erection for sperm to pass through

4. Corpora cavernosa- two erectile tissue bodies on the dorsal side of the penis that fill with blood and contribute to erection.

5. Glans penis- widened end/tip of the penis

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the epididymis?

• muscular walled tube that receives the sperm from the testis.

• Covers the superior and posterolateral aspects of the testis

Do you know the three regions of the epididymis?

head, body and tail

Do you know what happens to the sperm in the epididymis?

gain motile ability and are stored here

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the ductus deferens?

1. What is the other term for this structure?

• from the tail of the epididymis to the duct of the seminal vesicle. Conveys sperm by peristalsis during ejaculation.

• Vas deferens.

Do you know what a vasectomy is?

• Ligation (cut and tie) of the ductus deferens.

• Inhibits sperm from exiting the body, but not gland secretions.

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the urethra?

• muscular-walled tube that extends from the bladder to the external environment.

• Most of the urethra in the male is located in the penis.

• Conveys sperm from ductus deferens to external environment.

Do you know the three regions of the urethra?

prostatic, membranous and spongy.

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the seminal vesicles?

paired glands posterior to the bladder that secrete a yellowish fluid that contains fructose and vesiculase

Do you know what two structures merge to form the ejaculatory duct?

the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the prostate?

1. Can you list the substances found in prostate fluid?

doughnut-shaped gland around the neck of the bladder/surrounds urethra. Adds secretions to the sperm.

1. Milky white fluid containing: fibrinolysin and the cells of this gland express the protein prostate specific antigen on their plasma membranes

Can you describe the structure, function and location of the bulbourethral glands?

1. What is the other term for this structure?

paired pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate. Ducts open to the urethra. They secrete a clear fluid ahead of the sperm to neutralize the urethra.

1. Cowper's glands

Can you describe the contents of semen?

sperm + secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands

About how much semen is ejaculated?

2-5 mL

About how many sperm are ejaculated?

20-150 million sperm/mL (max ~750 million sperm)

Do you know which autonomic division controls erection? Ejaculation?

parasympathetic. Sympathetic.

Do you know which chemical is released to relax the smooth muscle and allow blood to fill the penis?

Nitric oxide- we did not discuss this, so it won't be on the test.

What is the name of the form of meiosis that produces sperm?

spermatogenesis- also did not discuss, so it won't be on the test

Do you know the three parts to a sperm and what is contained in each part?

Parts:

1. Head- contains 23 chromosomes and is covered in an enzyme cap called the acrosome to penetrate the egg

2. Midpiece- mitochondria to make ATP to propel the tail

3. Tail- a flagellum

About how many sperm are produced each day by a healthy male?

about 400 million sperm!

Can you describe the function and location of the sustentacular cells?

Sustentacular cells form the walls of the seminiferous tubules. They produce androgen binding protein to bind androgen and support the development of sperm.

What is the other term for these cells?

breh