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These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to abdominal ultrasound and pathology, beneficial for exam preparation.
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Aorta
The main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Celiac artery
The first branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen.
Hepatic veins
Veins that drain blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava.
Portal vein
A blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.
Gallbladder
A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver.
Pancreas
An organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, involved in digestion and insulin production.
Splenic vein
The vein that drains blood from the spleen to the portal vein.
Renal artery
The artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cirrhosis
Late-stage liver disease characterized by scarring of the liver.
Ascites
The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
Ultrasound
An imaging technique using high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.
Echo enhancement
A phenomenon in ultrasound indicating low attenuation of echoes behind a fluid-filled structure.
Portal hypertension
Increased blood pressure in the portal venous system.
Sphincter of Oddi
A muscle that controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice from the common bile duct into the small intestine.
Acute pancreatitis
An inflammation of the pancreas, often due to gallstones or alcohol.
Tumefactive sludge
Thicker sludge forming within the gallbladder, acting as a mass.
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off the blood supply to the testicle.
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to infection.
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney.
Doppler ultrasound
An ultrasound technique that measures the speed and direction of blood flow.
KIdney stones
Solid mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys.
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid around the testicle.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Enlargement of the prostate gland, causing urinary difficulties.
Papillary carcinoma
The most common type of thyroid cancer, known for its slow growth.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy
A procedure where ultrasound is used to help guide the needle during a biopsy.
Transrectal ultrasound
An imaging technique used primarily for examining the prostate.
Edema
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
Liver
A vital organ that processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces bile.
Abscess
A localized collection of pus in an area of tissue.
Lymphadenopathy
Enlarged lymph nodes, which can indicate infection or disease.
Microcalcifications
Small calcium deposits in breast tissue that may indicate cancer.
Adenoma
A benign tumor formed from glandular tissue.
Varicocele
Enlargement of veins within the scrotum, often causing male infertility.
Renal failure
A condition where the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Biloma
A collection of bile outside of the biliary system, usually due to injury or obstruction.
Fistula
An abnormal connection between two hollow spaces, such as blood vessels or intestines.
Intussusception
A medical condition in which part of the intestine folds into the section next to it.
Hematoma
A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
Splanchnic circulation
The circulation of blood to the abdominal organs.
Esophageal varices
Dilated veins in the esophagus, often associated with liver disease.
Pulmonary edema
Fluid accumulation in the lungs, often due to heart failure.
Aorta
The main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Celiac artery
The first branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen.
Hepatic veins
Veins that drain blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava.
Portal vein
A blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.
Gallbladder
A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver.
Pancreas
An organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, involved in digestion and insulin production.
Splenic vein
The vein that drains blood from the spleen to the portal vein.
Renal artery
The artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cirrhosis
Late-stage liver disease characterized by scarring of the liver.
Ascites
The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
Ultrasound
An imaging technique using high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.
Echo enhancement
A phenomenon in ultrasound indicating low attenuation of echoes behind a fluid-filled structure.
Portal hypertension
Increased blood pressure in the portal venous system.
Sphincter of Oddi
A muscle that controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice from the common bile duct into the small intestine.
Acute pancreatitis
An inflammation of the pancreas, often due to gallstones or alcohol.
Tumefactive sludge
Thicker sludge forming within the gallbladder, acting as a mass.
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off the blood supply to the testicle.
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to infection.
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney.
Doppler ultrasound
An ultrasound technique that measures the speed and direction of blood flow.
KIdney stones
Solid mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys.
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid around the testicle.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Enlargement of the prostate gland, causing urinary difficulties.
Papillary carcinoma
The most common type of thyroid cancer, known for its slow growth.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy
A procedure where ultrasound is used to help guide the needle during a biopsy.
Transrectal ultrasound
An imaging technique used primarily for examining the prostate.
Edema
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
Liver
A vital organ that processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces bile.
Abscess
A localized collection of pus in an area of tissue.
Lymphadenopathy
Enlarged lymph nodes, which can indicate infection or disease.
Microcalcifications
Small calcium deposits in breast tissue that may indicate cancer.
Adenoma
A benign tumor formed from glandular tissue.
Varicocele
Enlargement of veins within the scrotum, often causing male infertility.
Renal failure
A condition where the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Biloma
A collection of bile outside of the biliary system, usually due to injury or obstruction.
Fistula
An abnormal connection between two hollow spaces, such as blood vessels or intestines.
Intussusception
A medical condition in which part of the intestine folds into the section next to it.
Hematoma
A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
Splanchnic circulation
The circulation of blood to the abdominal organs.
Esophageal varices
Dilated veins in the esophagus, often associated with liver disease.
Pulmonary edema
Fluid accumulation in the lungs, often due to heart failure.
Glomerulus
A cluster of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron that filters blood.
Bowman's capsule
A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate.
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver.
Cholelithiasis
The formation of gallstones in the gallbladder.
Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
An artery that branches from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the intestines.