Module 2: Foundations of physics

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7 Terms

1
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What are the SI units (physical quantity, unit name, abbreviation)?

  • Mass → kilogram → kg

  • Length → metre → m

  • Time → second → s

  • Temperature → kelvin → K

  • Amount of substance → mole → mol

  • Electric current → ampere → A

  • Luminous intensity → candela → cd

2
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What are the prefixes and their multiple of unit?

  • pico (p) → 1 × 10^-12

  • nano (n) → 1 × 10^-9

  • micro → 1 × 10^-6

  • milli (m) → 1 × 10^-3

  • centi (c) → 1 × 10^-2

  • deci (d) → 1 × 10^-1

  • kilo (k) → 1 × 10³

  • mega (M) → 1 × 10^6

  • giga (G) → 1 × 10^9

  • tera (T) → 1 × 10^12

3
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What is meant by ‘random error’?

  • Can occur when any measurement is being made, and are measurement errors where measurements vary unpredictably

  • Can occur by external factors affecting the environment, which it may not be possible to control, and also by difficulty in reading a measuring device + deciding the value it shows

  • Cannot be corrected, but their effect can be mitigated by conducting experiment repeats + reporting mean value calculated

4
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What is meant by the term ‘systematic error’?

  • Measurement errors in which the measurement differs from true value by a consistent amount each time

  • Can be caused by way in which measurements are taken, or by faulty measuring device

  • Possible to correct

5
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What is the difference between ‘accuracy’ and ‘precision’?

Accuracy: measurement in how close the measurement is to the true value. The closer the value, the more accurate the measurement is

Precision: measurement of how close repeated measurements are to each other. The close they are, the more precise the measurement is

6
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What is meant by the term ‘uncertainty’?

  • Interval in which the true value of the measurement should lie

  • If there are a range of values taken (eg. when the experiment is repeated several times) then outliers should be discarded and absolute uncertainty is ±(range of measurements / 2)

  • If there is only one measurement, then the resolution of the measuring equipment can be used instead

    • % unc = (absolute unc / actual value) x 100

7
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