Multiple Choice Histology

What is mesoderm?

A. Simple squamous (flattened) epithelium that covers organs and body cavities

B. The epithelium located in the urinary tract

C. A simple squamous (flattened) epithelium lines the interior of the walls of blood ans lumpphatic vessels

D. All squamous (flattened) epithelia

C

Indicate the correct statement related to the lining epithelia

A. Epithelia composed of a single layer of cells are called stratified. (Incorrect)

B. Epithelia with square-shaped cells in their outermost layer are called columnar. (Incorrect)

C. Pseudostratified epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells.

D. Transitional epithelium or urothelium is a simple epithelium of the urinary system. (Incorrect)

C

Indicate the complete name of the epithelium shown in Figure 1

A. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

B. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C. Transitional epithelium of oesophagus

D. Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

D

What are the characteristics of serous epithelial cells?

A. Lightly stained cytoplasm with H&E and round, centrally located nuclei

B. Eosinophilic apical portion and round, centrally located nuclei

C. Strongly stained cytoplasm and flattened, centrally located nuclei

D. Lightly stained cytoplasm with H&E and flattened, peripheral nuclei

C

What type of epithelia lines the ducts of endocrine glands?

A. Simple squamous or simple cuboidal epithelium

B. Stratified columnar epithelium, if the gland is large, such as the pancreas

C. Simple cuboidal epithelium

D. Endocrine glands do not have ducts

D

Regarding connective tissue, which statement is incorrect?

A. It has a high cellularity

B. It has an abundant extracellular matrix

C. It contains glycoproteins in the ground substance

D. It provides structural and metabolic support to the entire organism

A

What kind of secretion is characteristic of sebaceous glands?

A. Holocrine

B. Apocrine

C. Merocrine

D. None of the above

A

Indicate the incorrect statement related to elastic fibers:

A. They are abundant in elastic connective tissue

B. They stain dark brown with silver staining

C. They are composed of elastin

D. They are present in the aorta

B

What apical specialization does this epithelium exhibit? (Figure 2a)

A. Microvilli

B. Keratin

C. Stereocilia

D. Cilia

D

Name the indicated cells and the type of gland (Figure 2b):

A. Columnar, Endocrine

B. Basal, Mixed

C. Goblet cells, Endocrine

D. Goblet cells, Unicellular

D

Related to the tissue in Image 3, indicate the incorrect statement:

A. Cells have peripheral nuclei

B. Cells have a single lipid droplet

C. Also called multilocular

D. Is a specialized connective tissue

Correct answer: C

C

Indicate the correct statement regarding the tissue under the epithelial tissue in the skin:

A. Has collagen fibers without preferential orientation and stains green by Trichrome staining

B. Is dense regular connective tissue that stains green by Trichrome staining

C. Is dense regular connective tissue with fibroblasts as the main cell type

D. Is dense irregular connective tissue that stains PAS+

A

Identify the name of the structure in Figure 4:

A. Nerve ganglion

B. Peripheral nerve (transverse section)

C. Cerebellum

D. Serous acini in the salivary gland

B

Which of the following cartilage tissues has a perichondrium?

A. Elastic cartilage

B. Fibrocartilage

C. Articular cartilage

D. All types of cartilage have a perichondrium

A

Choose the correct statement regarding osteoclasts:

A. They are macrophages with phagocytic ability residing in bone tissue

B. They have one nucleus and degrade bone tissue

C. They synthesize the bone extracellular matrix in bone tissue

D. All of the above are correct

A

The figure 5 represents:

A. Epiphyseal line

B. Direct ossification

C. Endochondral ossification

D. Spongy bone

C

Choose the correct statement regarding cartilage tissue:

A. It is avascular. Vascularization and nutrients reach it through the perichondrium or synovial fluid

B. The main cell type is fibroblast

C. It has blood vessels, and significant thickness is a characteristic

D. Hyaline cartilage is present in the ear auricle

A

What cell forms the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system?

A. Oligodendrocytes

B. Ependymal cells

C. Astrocytes

D. Schwann cells (Peripheral Nervous System)

A

Regarding the characteristics of nervous tissue, choose the correct answer:

A. In the grey matter, there are neuronal cell bodies and glial cells

B. In the cerebrum and cerebellum, grey matter is only internal

C. White matter is composed of axons and Schwann cells

D. Glial cells are not present in the peripheral nervous system

A

Regarding the characteristics of skeletal striated muscle, choose the correct answer:

A. Multinucleated cells; the main functional unit is the sarcomere

B. The fibers are fusiform and branched

C. The contracted and stretched states of sarcomeres result from actin and myosin folding/unfolding

D. Involuntary contraction of fibers

A

Indicate the incorrect answer regarding compact bone:

A. Also called cancellous bone

B. Is characterized by the presence of the Haversian system

C. Is not present in the center of the epiphysis

D. Is covered by periosteum in the diaphysis

A

What type of cartilage is present in the epiphyseal plate?

A. Elastic

B. Hyaline

C. Fibrocartilage

D. None of the above

B

What is the order of epiphyseal plate zones?

A. Proliferative, hypertrophy, ossification, calcification

B. Resting, calcification, hypertrophy, ossification

C. Calcification, proliferative, ossification, hypertrophy

D. Proliferative, hypertrophy, calcification, ossification

D

In Figure 6, identify the cell types:

A. 1. Osteocyte, 2. Osteoblast, 3. Osteoclast

B. 1. Osteoclast, 2. Osteoblast, 3. Osteocyte

C. 1. Chondrocyte, 2. Chondroblast, 3. Macrophage

D. 1. Osteoblast, 2. Osteocyte, 3. Macrophage

B

Identify the regions in the cerebellum (Figure 7):

A. 1. Purkinje cells, 2. Granular layer, 3. Molecular layer, 4. White matter

B. 1. White matter, 2. Purkinje cells, 3. Granular layer, 4. Molecular layer

C. 1. Molecular layer, 2. Purkinje cells, 3. Granular layer, 4. White matter

D. 1. White matter, 2. Purkinje cells, 3. Glial cells, 4. Molecular layer

C

What kind of cell structures are present in smooth muscle cells?

A. Gap junctions, as they provide the transport of ions necessary for cell contraction

B. Desmosomes, as they prevent cell separation during strong contractions

C. Gap junctions, as they provide anchor sites for actin from the sarcomeres

D. Hemidesmosomes, as they anchor actin filaments from peripheral sarcomeres

A

Identify the structures 1-4 in the following electron micrograph (Figure 8):

A. 1. I band, 2. A band, 3. H zone, 4. Z line

B. 1. A band, 2. I band, 3. H zone, 4. Z line

C. 1. I band, 2. A band, 3. H zone, 4. M line

D. 1. H zone, 2. A band, 3. I band, 4. Z line

B

Epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium are:

A. Connective tissues that wrap axons, fascicles, and nerves respectively

B. Connective tissues that wrap nerves, fascicles, and axons respectively

C. Cell membranes surrounding axons, fascicles, and nerves

D. Myelin sheaths that surround nerves, fascicles, and axons

B

The structure presented in Figure 9 is:

A. Thyroid gland follicular cells surrounding the follicle

B. Central canal of the spinal cord surrounded by astrocytes

C. Central canal of the spinal cord surrounded by ependymal cells

D. Thyroid gland epithelial cells surrounding the colloid

C