Cell Theory

Cells

smallest functional units of life

3 general structures of cells

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

intracellular fluid

fluid in cell

2 types of extracellular fluid

Interstitial, intravascular

what are the two main types of fluid regarding cells?

intracellular, extracellular

extracellular fluid

fluid outside cell

interstitial fluid

fluid between cells in tissue

intravascular fluid

fluid in blood vessels

what structure of the cell separates intra from extracellular fluid?

plasma membrane

3 types of passive transport

diffusion, filtration, osmosis

what are the two types of transport across the plasma membrane?

passive, active

passive transport

move solutes across membrane w/o energy

active transport

move solutes across membrane w/ energy

Passive transport moves solutes from an area of___ concentration to_____ concentration, while active transport moves them from an area of____ concentration to _____ concentration.

high, low, low, high

what are the three types of active transportation?

solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis

Two types of diffusion

simple, facilitated

simple diffusion

small, non-polar moving directly across membrane

facilitated diffusion

large, polar molecules needing proteins to cross membrane

diffusion example

Gas exchange in lungs

filtration example

blood pressure forcing fluid out of capillaries

3 types of osmosis conditions

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Diffusion

solutes from high to low concentration

filtration

solutes and water from high to low concentration

osmosis

water from high to low concentration

isotonic solution

equal solutes to cell, no change

hypertonic solution

more solutes than cell, shrink

hypotonic solution

less solutes than the cell, swell

solute pumping

proteins move solutes from low to high with atp

Sodium potassium pump

3 na out, 2 k in

exocytosis

materials moves from interior to extracellular

endocytosis

material moves from extracellular to interior

exocytosis process

vesicle fuse with membrane, expelling material out

endocytosis process

membrane fold and pinch into cytoplasm as vesicle

Two types of endocytosis

phagocytosis, pinocytosis

phagocytosis

cell eating

pinocytosis

cell drinking

chromatin

simply condensed DNA in nucleus

cytoplasm

everything inside cell

two main components of cytoplasm

cytosol, organelles

golgi apparatus function

packages proteins for transport

lysosome function

digests damaged organelles and pathogens

peroxisome function

detoxify harmful substances

ribosomes function

protein synthesis

cytoskeleton function

support and motility

centriole function

forms mitotic spindles

what are the three types of cellular projections?

cilia, flagella, microvilli

cilia function

move substances along cell surface

flagella function

propel cell

microvilli

increase surface area for absorption

cilia example

fallopian tube move egg

flagella example

sperm

microvilli example

small intestine

endoplasmic reticulum function

channel for transporting material

two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

rough, smooth

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

protein synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lipid synthesis

what are the three components of nucleus?

DNA, nuclear envelope, nucleolus

nucleolus function

produce ribosomes

nuclear envelope

nucleus membrane

3 pathways of vesicles

secretory vesicles, membrane vesicles, lysosomes

4 parts of plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer, proteins, glycocalyx, cholesterol

2 parts of hydrophilic heads in phospholipid bilayer

hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

proteins on plasma membrane function

receptors, enzymes, channels

glycocalyx

biological marker to differentiate self

cholesterol function in PM

stabilizes

Plasma membrane functions

barrier, selective permeability, cell markers/receptors, adhesion

mitochondria function

creates atp

cytoplasm two parts

cytosol, organelles

cytoskeleton parts

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules