Microbiology Chapter 5 and 6 part 1

What is metabolism?

collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe

Catabolism

breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy

What nutrients are required for microbial growth?

Microbial growth requires compounds containing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

What are the physical factors required for microbial growth?

• temperature

• pH

• osmolarity

• pressure

What are the groups of microbes based on carbon source?

• Autotrophs (use CO2)

• Heterotrophs (use organic compounds).

What are the groups of microbes based on energy source?

• Phototrophs (use light)

• Chemotrophs (use chemical compounds).

What are photoautotrophs? Give examples.

organisms like plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that use water to reduce CO2, producing O2 as a by-product.

What are photoheterotrophs? Give examples.

include green nonsulfur and purple nonsulfur bacteria.

What are chemoautotrophs? Give examples.

include hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrifying bacteria.

What are chemoheterotrophs? Give examples.

include most animals, fungi, protozoa, and many bacteria, utilizing aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.

What are the groups of microbes based on oxygen requirement?

• aerobes

• anaerobes

• facultative anaerobe

• microaerophiles aerobes

• aerotolerant anaerobes

Describe the growth characteristics of strict (obligate) aerobes in thioglycolate culture.

grow at the very top of the medium where oxygen is present.

Describe the growth characteristics of facultative anaerobes in thioglycolate culture.

grow throughout the medium but are more concentrated at the top.

Describe the growth characteristics of strict (obligate) anaerobes in thioglycolate culture.

grow only at the bottom of the medium where oxygen is absent.

What is ATP and its uses?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of cells, used in mechanical processes, transport processes, chemical processes, and endergonic processes.

How does Strict Aerobes generate ATP?

aerobic respiration only

Anabolism

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

How does Facultative anaerobes generate ATP?

aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation

How does Strict Anaerobes generate ATP?

anaerobic respiration

How does aerotolerant Anaerobes generate ATP?

fermentation

How does microaerophiles generate ATP?

aerobic respiration

Describe the growth characteristics of aerotolerant anaerobes in thioglycolate culture.

uniform; throughout

what is the main goal of metabolism?

to reproduce the organism