Dentistry test 1 review

Name this tool and how is it used

• Taylor scaler 

• Should ONLY be used for scaling gum line (supra-gingival)

Name this tool and what is used for

• top end is a straight sickle

• bottom is a curve sickle

• Should ONLY be used for scaling gum line (supra-gingival)

Name this, what is it used for

• Curettes

• two types:

• Gracey - one cutting edge per end(we use these)

• Universal - two cutting edges per end

• can be used for subgingival scaling, supragingival scaling and root planning

Name this tool and what its used for

• Probe

• measures sulcus depth and attachment loss

Name this tool and what its used for

• Explorer 

• used for complete examination of teeth ,identifies abnormalities in enamel and any missed calculus

Name this tool and what its used for

• Hoe

• subgingival scaling only

• sometimes good for removing calculus

What are the objectives when sharpening instruments 

• to remove enough metal to have a sharp cutting edge while maintaining the blades original shape 

• make sure identify the cutting edge before sharpening 

• always test tool with a test stick first

• Test stick : made of acrylic, apply instrument to stick and evaluate the “bite”

How, why & when is polishing done , and safety precautions

• When - done after teeth have been scaled , probed and explored

• Why - done in order to smooth out the thousands or microscopic grooves(smoothing the surface will make it harder for plaque to reaccumulate) , also removes any left over plaque

• How

1. place prophy paste cup in a prophy low speed hand piece

2. add paste

3. if speed is adjustable set it below 3000 rpm’s

4. polish tooth max of 5 seconds, if more required let tooth cool

5. Polish complete crown of tooth as well as down into gingival sulcus

What is the use of a waterpik in a dental?

• used to rinse gingival sulcus after complete prophy

• irrigation is essential to perform after a prophy to remove the prophy paste , remaining loose calculus and blood.

• soft tip ends , safe to use under the gum line 

Normal sulcus depths for dogs and cats?

• Dogs- 3mm or less

• Cats - 1 mm or less

• should be taken at 4-6 different spots around the tooth

Explain the Triadan system

• system allows a 3 digit number for each tooth

• 1st # indicates quadrant the tooth is located and whether is it permanent or deciduous.

• 2nd and third # indicated exact tooth location

Quadrants for triadan system

• Permanent teeth

Right upper - 1

Left upper - 2

Left lower - 3

Right lower - 4

• Deciduous teeth

right upper - 5

left upper - 6

left lower - 7

right lower - 8

explain Anatomical system

• I , C , P , M represent permanent incisors ,canines, premolars, and molars

• Primary teeth are represented by lower case letters ( i, c , p ,m)

• specific tooth is indicated by a number , and quadrant by location of # in relation of letter (ex. first upper right permanent premolar : P^1)

• supernumerary teeth indicated by an S or s , before the appropriate upper or lower case letter

• system works well visually but not communicated out loud well

• difficult to computerize

three different types of mechanical scalers

• magneto strictive

• Piezoelectric

• Sonic

Magneto strictive, how do they and their vibrations work?, safety precautions?

• consists of power control unit , an ultrasonic handpiece , an an ultrasonic insert.

air / water syringe care, use and maintenance

• air flow can be used at all times but the water system must be turned on to use water spray

• water spray can only be used above the gum line

• air can be used to dry the teeth

• mist is produced if both button pressed at same time

Explain fluoride treatment, precautions when using it?

• final step to prophy, 3 major benefits

1. reduces sensitivity to teeth(desensitizing exposed dentin)

2. tooth enamel is strengthened by the anti-osteoclastic action of fluoride

3. fluoride provides some antibacterial action , which prevents the build up of plaque.

• Precautions:

• must be applied on dry teeth to be effective 

• allow gel to remain on teeth for 1-4 minutes 

• remove excess with clean gauze

Go over this.