logical inquiry study set exam 1

Argument

a set of reason offered in support of a conclusion

conclusion

is what the author wany you to believe

Ambiguity

is a term or phase which is capable of being interpreted with multiple different meaning even given

key

are some word or phase the interpretation of which has a significant impact on you understanding or reaction to an argument

Assumption

an unstated reason that the author require to make the argument plausible

Descriptive assumption

assumption about the way the world is, was or will be

strong assumption

assumption that is hard to make true. the word has to behave just so to make it true.

weak assumption

assumption which is easier to make true obvious generally accepted common knowledge

value assumption

assumption of the author is relative value

Fallacy

an argument which tends to convince even thought it should it should

Ad hominem

when an argument attacks the source of argument rather then the argument itself

Slippery slope

when an argument relies on a series of explicit or implied inevitable steps to lead to an undesirable conclusion

lot of forms

name calling personal charactertics / history claims of bias of hypocrisy

appeal to questionable authority

when an argument comes from an expert or recognized but who is speaking outside are of expertise

Red herring

when someone tries to divert the argument away from the original topic

glittering generalities

when argument relies on ambiguous positive connation language without specification

false dilemma

False dilemma (either/ or) (black/white)

when ang argument oversimplities a complex issue into an either/or

Explaining by naming

when an argument substitutes a loaded “label” for an argument