ENL1W Semester Review

Foreshadowing

The use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot.

Mood

The emotional atmosphere of a story (how it feels).

Setting

Where and when the story takes place.

Protagonist

The main character of the story.

Antagonist

A character or force in conflict with the main character.

Conflict

The problem or struggle that the main character faces.

Five main types of conflict.

Person vs. Person, Person vs. Self, Person vs. Society, Person vs. Nature, Person vs. Supernatural.

Two other types of conflict.

Person vs. Technology, Person vs. Fate/Deity.

Abhor

Regard with disgust and hatred.

Beseige

To attack by surrounding with military forces; to cause worry or trouble.

Comprehensive

Covering or including everything.

Insidious

Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.

Nonchalant

Cool and confident, unconcerned.

Sporadic

Occurring at irregular intervals, having no set plan or order.

Zeus

King of the gods. Rules over the sky, lightning, and everything. Husband and brother to Hera.

Hera

Queen of the gods. Goddess of marriage and women. Wife and sister of Zeus.

Aphrodite

Goddess of love, beauty, and pleasure. Married to Hephaestus.

Apollo

God of music, poetry, prophecy, the sun, the arts, medicine, etc. Twin brother of Artemis.

Ares

God of violent warfare, bloodshed, and combat.

Artemis

Goddess of the hunt, virginity, the moon, and archery. Twin sister of Apollo.

Athena

Goddess of wisdom, strategic warfare, and crafts.

Dionysus

God of wine, theatre, parties, and good times.

Demeter

Goddess of agriculture, soil, grain, and the harvest. Mother of Persephone.

Hades

God of the underworld and riches.

Hephaestus

God of fire, the forge, blacksmithing, masonry, etc. Married to Aphrodite.

Hermes

God of travel, messages, commerce, language, and thieves.

Hestia

Goddess of the hearth and home. Gives up her spot to tend the sacred fire.

Poseidon

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.

Mythology

Stories used to explain how the world works.

Heroic Journey

A plot line or pattern that most heroic stories follow. Follows the hero from birth until their final triumph.

Heroic Journey: Birth

A hero is born in a strange place with the circumstances

of his birth often being unusual. While the hero is young, a

disguise is often used to hide his identity. Little is known about the hero's childhood.

Heroic Journey: Destiny

Early in the quest the hero will discover his destiny. Typically, he must undertake some sort of quest. The hero may not necessarily wish to go on this quest; he may even be forced to undertake this quest.

Heroic Journey: Special Abilities

The hero usually has some sort of special weapon or ability that will aid him in his quest. Sometimes the hero always has this; other times it is given to him.

Heroic Journey: Wise Old Man/Woman

A mentor who offers the hero advice or assistance on their quest. Typically, they are very wise and/or very old.

Heroic Journey: Trials

The hero must face and overcome trials and temptations during his journey. These events will help him mature and gain knowledge.

Heroic Journey: Women

Generally, women play three main roles for classic male heroes: the love interest (who he will usually rescue and marry), a helper (who will aid him on his quest, whether or not she is a love interest), or a danger/distraction (who will act as an obstacle in his quest).

Heroic Journey: Final Battle

The hero faces the final battle in his quest (typically a large monster or creature of some kind, but not always). Once the danger vanquished, the hero will be rewarded in some way, usually with the thing or item that inspired the quest.

Heroic Journey: Journey Home

Following the final battle the hero must return home. However, this journey is usually quite difficult for the hero, as he may face even more dangers than he did on his quest. Seeing the hero return home allows us to appreciate how much he's changed.

Independent Clause

Makes sense when they stand on their own and can be used as a complete sentence.

Dependent Clause

Don't make sense when they stand on their own; if they don't have another clause to support them, we call them "sentence fragments" and they are considered improper grammar.

Run-On Sentence

Made up of two or more sentences/independent clauses that are incorrectly run together as a single sentence.

Comma Splice

The use of a comma to join two independent clauses.

Fused Sentence

Two sentences/independent clauses that run together without any punctuation between them.

Sentence Fragment

A sentence missing a subject or verb/predicate or complete thought.

Relative Clause

A clause that starts with a word like who, which, that, why, where, when, and whose. We use them to describe nouns. By itself, a defining relative clause becomes a sentence fragment.

Clause

A group of words with a subject and a verb.

Alleviate

Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.

Archaic

Very old or old-fashioned.

Concurrent

Happening at the same time.

Demeanor

Outward behaviour or bearing. How one comes across.

Disconcerting

Causing one to feel unsettled.

Nefarious

Wicked or criminal.

Solace

Comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness.

Transcend

Be or go beyond the range or limits of (something abstract, typically a conceptual field or division).

Noun

Person, place, or thing.

Adjective

A word that describes a noun.

Verb

An action word.

Common Noun

A general name for a person, place, or thing. Doesn't use a capital unless at the start of the sentence.

Proper Noun

Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Always uses a capital.

Comma

A punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence. It is also used to separate items in a list.

Quotation Mark

Used at the beginning and end of a phrase to show the exact words being said. Used to indicate that a character is talking or that the writer is referencing someone else's words.

Carmine Falcone

The most powerful mob boss in Gotham. The Holiday Killer initially targets people related to or working for him.

Sal Maroni

A powerful mob boss in Gotham. His men are targeted by the Holiday Killer. He is killed by Alberto Falcone.

Bruce Wayne

Batman's secret identity. A billionaire. Orphaned when his parents were murdered at a young age.

Batman

A superhero, considered the world's greatest detective. Works to fight crime in Gotham. Has no powers, but his intellect, athletic ability, and gadgets/inventions make him effective anyway.

Jim Gordon

The police commissioner of Gotham City. Works with Batman, but he insists on following the laws himself.

Harvey Dent

Gotham's District Attorney. Works with Batman and Jim Gordon to track the Holiday Killer. Obsessed with catching Falcone and admires the way Batman works outside the law.

Two-Face

Harvey Dent's criminal identity. Harvey takes on the name of Two-Face after half his face is burnt with acid. Murders Carmine Falcone and Vernon Wells.

Gilda Dent

Harvey Dent's wife. Claims to be the Holiday Killer when burning evidence at the end of the story.

Alberto Falcone

Carmine Falcone's son. Not involved in the family business but wishes to be recognized by his father. Appears to be killed by the Holiday Killer on New Years but later reveals that he faked his death. Confesses to being the Holiday Killer after killing Sal Maroni.

The Joker

Batman's greatest enemy. A madman with no powers. Obsessed with driving Batman insane. Hunts the Holiday Killer because there can only be "one homicidal maniac" in Gotham.

Catwoman

Selina Kyle's alternate identity. Sometimes helps Batman, sometimes works against him.

Selina Kyle

Bruce Wayne's girlfriend. Catwoman's alternate identity.

Sofia Falcone

Carmine Falcone's daughter. Strong and loyal to him.

Carla Viti

Carmine Falcone's sister. Mother of the first murder victim, Johnny Viti. Murdered by the Holiday Killer after looking through the city coroner's files.

The Riddler

One of Batman's enemies. A very smart man who is obsessed with riddles (and good at solving them). Carmine Falcone asks him to determine who the Holiday Killer is. He is targeted on April Fool's Day but left alive.