Studied by 168 people
Nawal El Saadawi
Read this on your own! These are usually pretty important on the tests.
Global Perspectives on the Vietnam War
Read this on your own! These are usually pretty important on the tests.
C.L.R James on Pan-African Liberation
Read this on your own! These are usually pretty important on the tests.
The “Winter" War”
War between Russia and Finland. Mistrust between the two countries. Russia was ill prepared for terrain
The “Phony War”
8 month period during World War II where there was no fighting
Pact of Steel
Alliance between Germany and Italy. Signed by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Formalized the 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis agreement, linking the two countries politically and militarily.
Fortress Europa
. . .
The German “Blitz” of London
the sustained campaign of aerial bombing attacks on British towns and cities carried out by the Luftwaffe (German Air Force)
Collaboration
Acceptance and Cooperation with German Control
Resistance
Opposition to German Authority
Marshal Henri Petain
Military Leader in France
Vichy
Capital of unoccupied France
The Free French
Led by Charles Degaulle from London. Political entity that claimed to be the legitimate government of France following the dissolution of the Third Republic
Battle of Britain
German effort to crush the British, mostly by air. Led by Winston Churchill.
Sudetenland
A border area of Czechoslovakia containing a majority ethnic German population as well as all of the Czechoslovak Army's defensive positions in event of a war with Germany.
Japanese “East Asia-Co Prosperity Sphere”
Japan's attempt to form an economic and military bloc consisting of nations within East and Southeast Asia against Western colonization and manipulation
Policy of British-French Appeasement
making concessions to dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict
Munich Conference
Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defenses (the so-called Sudeten region) to Nazi Germany.
Polish Corridor
The strip of land that provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the main body of Germany from the province of East Prussia
Along with Danzig
INTERNATIONAL PORT CITY ESSENTIAL FOR POLAND LOCATED IN THE POLISH CORRIDOR AND UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
ensured that both countries would not attack each other and would remain neutral if either was involved in a war with a third country
Blitzkreig
Military tactic developed by the German army during World War II. It involved a rapid and overwhelming attack using a combination of ground forces, tanks, and air support to achieve a swift victory.
German Invasion of the Soviet Union
Starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. It was the largest land offensive in human history, with over 10 million combatants taking part
World War II “Big Three”
US, UK, USSR
Great Patriotic War
Soviet term for WW2
General Tojo
general of the Imperial Japanese Army, and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for most of World War II
“The Rape of Nanking”
The Rape of Nanking, also known as the Nanking Massacre, was a six-week period of mass murder and rape committed by the Imperial Japanese Army against the Chinese city of Nanking during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937Socie
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was a surprise military attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Anglo-American Campaigns in North Africa
main objective of the campaign was to secure control of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa, which was seen as strategically important
D-Day
The storming of Omaha beach in France June 6, 1944
V-E Day, V-J Day
marked the end of World War II in Europe (E) and Japan (J)
Holocaust
The extermination of six million juice and countless other people in Europe during World War II
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
two cities in Japan that were devastated by atomic bombs dropped by the United States during World War II
Atlantic Charter
The document outlined the principles that would guide the post-war world, including disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and the establishment of a permanent system of international security.
Yalta Meeting
The Yalta Meeting was primarily focused on the military strategy to defeat Nazi Germany and the post-war reorganization of Europe
Potsdam Meeting
Held in Potsdam, Germany. Attended by US, USSR, and the UK. aimed to discuss the post-World War II reorganization of Europe, including the occupation of Germany, war reparations, and the establishment of a new government in Japan.
The Nuremburg Trials
a series of indictments and criminal procedures against Nazi war criminals
The Truman Doctrine
The United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.
European Recovery Act
A US-led initiative to provide economic assistance to Western Europe after World War II
Common Market
European Economic community
The “Iron Curtain”
the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas.
East Berlin
Pro Soviet
West Berlin
Pro Western
The Berlin Airlift
a humanitarian mission carried out by the Western Allies from 1948 to 1949 to provide food, fuel, and other supplies to the people of West Berlin, who were cut off from the rest of the world by a Soviet blockade.
The Building of the Berlin Wall
Construction began in 1961 by East German govt. Prevented East germans from “voting with their feet” by defecting the West
De-Stalinization
liberalization of the Soviet Union
Hungarian and Czechoslovakian Revolts Against USSR
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Soviet-backed Hungarian government. The uprising was sparked by a student demonstration and quickly escalated into a widespread anti-Soviet revolt, with protesters demanding greater political freedom and an end to Soviet domination. The Soviet Union brutally suppressed the rebellion, resulting in thousands of deaths and imprisonments.
The Czechoslovakian Revolt of 1968, also known as the Prague Spring, was a period of political liberalization and democratic reform in Czechoslovakia. The reforms were quickly suppressed by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, who invaded the country and installed a new hardline Communist government. The event marked the end of the liberalization movement in Czechoslovakia and cemented Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc.
American-Soviet Summit Conferences
The American-Soviet Summit Conferences were a series of meetings between the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era. Goal was to reduce tensions and improve relations between the two superpowers
Relationships of Eisenhower and JFK with Krushchev
John F. Kennedy, Eisenhower's successor, inherited this relationship and initially struggled to establish a rapport with Khrushchev. However, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 marked a turning point in their relationship, as Kennedy's handling of the crisis helped to reduce tensions between the two superpowers.
Peaceful Coexistence
Aimed to ease tensions between the Soviet Union and the West. Called for peaceful competition between capitalist & communist systems, and for each side to respect the other's sphere of influence
Detente in the 1970’s
Period of reduced tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s
Carter and the American Boycott of Moscow Olympics
Carter announced a boycott of the Moscow Olympics in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Carter's decision was widely controversial. Resulted in loss of attendance from multiple countries
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
United States formed anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments
The Warsaw Pact
Created in response to the formation of NATO by Western countries, and its primary purpose was to provide a unified defense against potential aggression from NATO
Marshall Titos Yugoslavia Split Up
After Tito's death in 1980, ethnic tensions and economic struggles led to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Gorbachev’s Policies
Policies of openness and economic reform led to greater political freedoms, economic liberalization, and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Solidarity
called for greater political and economic freedom, workers' rights, and democracy. Through strikes, protests, and negotiations with the government, Solidarity gained significant popular support and ultimately led to the end of communist rule in Poland
The “Velvet Revolution”
non-violent political revolution in Czechoslovakia. Led to establishment of Democratic govt
The collapse of the USSR
Marked end of the Cold War. Result of economic stagnation, political and social unrest, and the failure of Soviet leaders to implement significant reforms
Boris Yeltsin and Putin
Boris Yeltsin was the first democratically elected President of Russia who served from 1991 to 1999. He oversaw the transition from a communist state to a capitalist democracy but his tenure was also marked by economic instability, political crises, and corruption scandals.
Vladimir Putin succeeded Yeltsin in 1999 and has since become one of Russia's most dominant and controversial figures. He has been re-elected as President multiple times and is known for consolidating power, restricting political opposition, and pursuing assertive foreign policies. Under Putin, Russia has also faced accusations of human rights abuses, election interference, and involvement in conflicts in Ukraine and Syria.
Emperor Hirohito
124th Emperor of Japan, reigning from 1926 until his death in 1989. He oversaw Japan's transition from a militaristic and expansionist state to a democracy after World War II
Tokyo War Crimes Trials
Aim was to try leaders of the Empire of Japan for their crimes against peace, conventional war crimes, and crimes against humanity, leading up to and during the Second World War
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist revolutionary and politician who founded the People's Republic of China. Key role in “Great leap forward”
Chiang Kai Shek
Chinese political and military leader who played a prominent role in the country's modern history
Normalization of Chinese American Relations
re-establishment of diplomatic ties between the United States and the People's Republic of China
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
goal was to purge capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society and promote Maoist ideology.
The Communist Chinese “Great Leap Forward”
goal was to rapidly transform China from an agrarian society to a modern industrialized one through collectivization, industrialization, and agricultural reforms
Korean War / Kim Il-Sung
North Korea invaded South Korea
Sygnman Rhee
Former president of S. Korea
French Indochina
a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia until its demise in 1954
Viet Minh
created by the Indochinese Communist Party as a national united front to achieve the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Viet Cong
Viet Cong were a communist guerrilla force in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. They fought against the South Vietnamese government and the United States, seeking to reunify Vietnam under communist rule.
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngo Dinh Diem was a political leader who served as the first President of South Vietnam from 1955 until his assassination in 1963. Anti- Communist
Ho Chi Minh
Former prime minister of Vietnam. Founded Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Vietminh besieged and eventually defeated the French garrison, leading to the end of French colonial rule in Indochina and the partition of Vietnam
Domino Theory
The theory that if one country falls to communism, an adjacent country will also fall to communism
Presidents Johnson and Nixon
This part was very vague, idk what he wants from this
The Paris Peace Conference
formal meeting in 1919 and 1920 of the victorious Allies after the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
The fall of South Vietnam
Saigon
Kwame Nkrumah and Ghana
First president of Ghana and key figure of independence from British Colonial rule. Promoted Pan-Africanism
Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. It was implemented by the National Party government, which was dominated by white Afrikaners, and aimed to maintain white supremacy and control over the country's black majority. Apartheid laws enforced racial separation in all aspects of life, including housing, education, employment, and public services. The system was widely condemned and resisted both within South Africa and internationally, and was eventually dismantled through a series of negotiations and protests.
Mustafa Kemal “Ataturk”
Father of modern Turkey, sympathetic to the Young Turk movement
Zionism
ideological movement that emerged in the late 19th century, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Iran Ruled by the Shah . . .
IRAN RULED BY THE SHAH UNTILTHE IRANIAN REVOLUTION (1979) AND THE AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI, ISLAMIC LEADER
David Ben-Gurion
the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first prime minister of Israel.
Golda Meier
Founder of the state of Israel and played a key role in its development. Also know for her advocacy for social justice and women's rights
OPEC
A group of 13 oil-producing nations that coordinate their oil production and pricing policies to stabilize the global oil market
Camp David Accords
led to the first-ever peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state. recognition of Israel's right to exist by Egypt.
Palestinian Liberation Org.
a political organization founded in 1964 with the goal of representing and advancing the rights of Palestinians
Fulgencio Batista
Cuban Dictator from 1952 to 1959
Fidel and Raul Castro: The Cuban Revolution
a social and political movement led by Fidel Castro and other revolutionaries that began in 1953 and culminated in the overthrow of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
Failed attempt by a CIA-backed group of Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's government in Cuba in 1961. The exiles, with US support, landed at the Bay of Pigs but were quickly surrounded and defeated by Cuban forces
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day political and military standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962. The crisis began when the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, which the US saw as a threat to its national security.
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