Com sci

Computing device

A machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Computing system

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Digital divide

Differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

DNS

The system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

Fault-tolerance

The ability of a system to continue working without interruption when a component fails

Fault-tolerant network

A specific type of network that continues to provide connectivity and function even when part of the network infrastructure fails (e.g., routers, switches, or links between them)

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that gives individuals and businesses access to the internet and other services

IP addresses

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet

Lossless Compression

A method that reduces the file size without losing any data. When the file is decompressed, it is restored to its original form

Lossy Compression

A method that reduces file size by permanently removing some of the data. When the file is decompressed, it is not identical to the original

Open Protocols

Communication protocols that are freely accessible and usable by anyone

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message

(Network) Path

The series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Redundant networks

A system that has multiple paths for data transmission, ensuring that the network stays operational even if one path fails

Reliable Systems

Systems that can perform their core functions without errors, service disruptions, or significant performance reductions

Scalability

A system's ability to adjust its performance and cost in response to changes in demands

Internet Protocol (IP)

A protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet