HGE 1 - September 2026 CE BOARD EXAM REFRESHER

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental hydraulics and geotechnical engineering concepts from the September 2026 CE Board Exam Refresher material.

Equivalent height of water column at sea level

The height of a water column that corresponds to atmospheric pressure at sea level, which is $10.3\,\text{m}$.

Absolute Pressure

The total pressure at a specific depth, calculated by adding the atmospheric pressure (e.g., $101\,\text{kPa}$) to the hydrostatic pressure ($\gamma h$).

Velocity Head

The kinetic energy per unit weight of a water jet or fluid flow, typically expressed in meters ($\text{m}$).

Continuity Equation

The law stating that for an incompressible fluid, the volume that flows into a pipe section must equal the volume that flows out.

Bernoulli’s Equation (Assumption)

Among other things, this equation assumes there is no energy loss due to friction.

Turbulent Flow

A type of flow where the velocities of fluid particles vary from point to point in both magnitude and direction, as well as from instant to instant.

Piezometer

An instrument used to measure pressure in water channels, pipes, and similar systems.

Hydrostatic Force

The resultant force acting on a submerged surface, such as a circular gate or a curved quarter-cylinder, due to the pressure of the fluid.

Specific Gravity ($s.g.$ or $S$)

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water (e.g., $0.85$ for oil in the provided notes).

Roughness Coefficient ($n$)

A factor representing the resistance to flow in a channel, given as $0.018$ for the triangular flume in the transcript.

Efficient Cross-Section

A design for a channel, such as the triangular flume mentioned, designed to provide maximum discharge for a given slope and material.

Vane Deflection Angle

The angle (e.g., $120^\circ$) through which a jet of water is diverted when it strikes a stationary curved vane.

Pressure Head

The height of a liquid column that would produce a given pressure, calculated in the transcript by considering elevation drop and head loss.