Integumentary System and Body Temperature

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the integumentary system and body temperature, based on the lecture notes.

What are the seven functions of the skin?

Serves as a mechanical barrier, protects internal structures, participates in immune response, acts as a gland for vitamin D synthesis, performs excretory function, performs sensory role, helps regulate body temperature.

What are the two layers of the skin?

The epidermis and the dermis.

What is the stratum germinativum?

The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are generated.

What is the stratum corneum?

The outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead and flattened skin cells.

What are the two major functions of the subcutaneous layer?

Insulates the body and anchors the skin to underlying structures.

What factors influence the color of the skin?

Melanin, carotene, blood vessel dilation or constriction, and physiological or pathological changes.

What is thermoregulation?

The regulation of body temperature.

What is the difference between insensible and sensible perspiration?

Insensible perspiration is evaporation of sweat that cannot be seen, while sensible perspiration is visible sweating.

What is the normal body temperature range?

Normal body temperature is 98.6° F, with a normal range of 97° to 100° F.

What happens to blood vessels during increased body temperature?

Blood vessels dilate, giving a flushed appearance.

What is the role of sweat glands in thermoregulation?

Sweat glands become more active to help lower body temperature through evaporation.

What is the Rule of Nines related to burns?

A method used to estimate the total body surface area affected by burns.

Define first-degree burns.

Burns that affect only the epidermis, causing redness and minor inflammation.

Define third-degree burns.

Full-thickness burns that damage the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

What can occur in neonates if they cannot shiver?

Neonates lose more heat than they produce due to a large surface area and thin layer of subcutaneous fat.

What are some adaptations animals use for chilling?

Waving tails (squirrels), waving ears (elephants), or panting (dogs).