Midbrain+and+Hindbrain+-+5-5-2025

Vocabulary flashcards for review of brain structures and functions.

Telencephalon

One of the major divisions of the brain.

Diencephalon

One of the major divisions of the brain.

Midbrain

One of the major divisions of the brain.

Hindbrain

One of the major divisions of the brain.

Basal Ganglia

A major division of the Forebrain.

Tectum

A major division of the Midbrain.

Tegmentum

A major division of the Midbrain.

Limbic System

A major division of the Forebrain.

Corpus Callosum

A major division of the Forebrain.

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

An area in the Midbrain.

Putamen

A structure in the brain.

Caudate Nucleus

A structure in the brain.

Nigrostriatal Pathway

A pathway in the brain.

Substantia Nigra

A structure in the brain.

Interventricular foramen

Connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

Lateral Ventricles

Ventricles in the brain.

Third Ventricle

A ventricle in the brain.

Inferior horn of lateral ventricle

Part of the ventricular system in the brain.

Cerebral Aqueduct

Connects the third and fourth ventricles.

Fourth Ventricle

A ventricle in the brain.

Septum pellucidum

A membrane that separates the lateral ventricles.

Reticular Formation

A neural network involved in levels of alertness.

Cerebral Peduncles

Motor tracts that go from the cortex through the midbrain to lower brain structures and the spinal cord.

Superior Collicului

Part of the tectum, involved in control of eye movements and orientation to visual stimuli.

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

Dopamine production and delivery to frontal lobes, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus.

Substantia Nigra

Dopamine production and delivery to the basal ganglia; involved in movement.

Parkinson's Disease

Associated with an atrophied substantia nigra.

Tegmentum of Midbrain

Contains the substantia nigra and VTA.

Tectum of Midbrain

Contains the superior and inferior colliculi.

Superior Colliculi

Control of eye movements and orientation of head and eyes toward visual stimuli.

Inferior Colliculi

Auditory localization, orientation to auditory stimuli, and startle response to loud sounds.

Cerebellum

10% of brain by volume, but contains 80% of brain neurons.

Purkinje neuron

Has an estimated 200,000 dendritic spines.

Pons

Relays the motor plan from the frontal lobes to the cerebellum.

Cerebellar Ataxia

Drunk-like symptoms due to cerebellar dysfunction.

Cerebellar Functions

Coordination, precision, and timing of movement.

Cerebellar Additional Functions

Quality control of movement and cognitive functions.

ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

75% of people with ASD have significantly fewer cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Physical Bases of ASD

Cerebellum abnormalities.

Raphe Nucleus of the Pons

Produces much of the brain's serotonin.

Locus Coeruleus of the Pons

Produces much of the brain's norepinephrine.

Medulla

Controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Brainstem

Includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.