Arthropods Flashcards

Flashcards of key vocabulary terms and definitions related to arthropods, covering their anatomy, classification, and diversity.

Hardened exoskeleton

Stiffened by deposition of protein and chitin, offering protection and secure muscle attachment.

Joints

Thin, flexible sections providing flexibility between hard segments in arthropods.

Appendages

Extensions of jointed segments in arthropods.

Molts

A necessary sequence for arthropod growth, controlled by hormones.

Hemocoel

Open system of sinuses in arthropods that replaces the hydrostatic skeleton.

Phylum Arthropoda

One of the most species diverse phylum of animals.

Arthropods

Ecdysozoan protostomes in the clade Panarthropoda.

Myriapoda

Centipedes, millipedes, pauropods, and symphylans.

Chelicerata

Spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and their relatives.

Crustacea

Lobsters, crabs, barnacles, and others.

Trilobita

Extinct arthropods assumed to be the sister taxon to all other arthropods.

Pancrustacea

Clade formed by molecular evidence of a close relationship between hexapods and crustaceans.

Pancrustacea

Includes hexapods and crustaceans.

Mandibulate hypothesis

Hypothesis that places Myriapoda with Pancrustacea due to a shared mouthpart.

Versatile exoskeleton

Composed of inner thick procuticle and outer thin epicuticle with several layers

Ecdysis (molting)

Process of shedding outer covering and growing a new, larger one.

Tracheal system

Terrestrial arthropod system of air tubes for direct oxygen transport.

Ocelli

Simple light-sensitive organs in arthropods.

Trilobites

Arthropods that arose before the Cambrian period and then became extinct.

Cephalon

Fusion of segments forming the head region in trilobites.

Pygidium

Posterior tagma in trilobites, formed by fused segments.

Prosoma and opisthosoma

Chelicerates body regions include.

Eurypterids

Extinct giant water scorpions.

Xiphosurida (Horseshoe Crabs)

Living fossils nearly unchanged since the Triassic period.

Class Pycnogonida: Sea Spiders

May have five or six pairs of legs and may carry developing eggs.

Cephalon

Sea spider head.

Cephalothorax and abdomen

Arachnids tagmata.

Pedipalps

Modified pedipalps in male spiders, used for sperm transfer.

Book lungs

Parallel air pockets extending into blood-filled chambers in spiders.

Coxal glands

Modified nephridia at the base of arachnid legs.

Scleroprotein

Secretion used for orb webs, nest lining, and wrapping prey.

Pectines

Tactile organs on scorpions that explore the ground.

Mites and ticks (Acari)

Arachnids with complete fusion of cephalothorax and abdomen.

House dust mites, spider mites, Chiggers or redbugs

Examples of Acarines

Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), Pauropoda (pauropods), Symphyla (symphylans)

Subphylum Myriapoda four general groups

Chilopoda

Centipedes

Diplopoda

Millipedes

Pauropoda

Pauropods

Symphyla

Symphylans

Poison claws

Centipede bodies appendages of first body

Calcium carbonate exoskeleton

Millipede bodies segments reinforced with

True eyes

Class Pauropoda small head lacks

Tracheae, spiracles, and circulatory system

Pauropoda does not have

Legs and one bears a pair of spinnerets

Class Symphyla pests are soft-bodied with 14 segments where 12 segments bear

Complex Behavior Patterns

Arthropods surpass most other invertebrates in complex and organized activities