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Immigration
People entering a country
Emigration
People leaving a country
Replacement level needed to keep the population stable
2.1
Demographic transition (FRQ)
Pre-industrial stage, transitional stage, industrial stage, post-industrial stage
Demographic fatigue
Developing countries that are overpopulated and cannot complete a transition
Example of a cause of demographic fatigue
HIV/AIDS
Contraception
Deliberate attempt to prevent pregnancy despite having sex
Birth control
Efforts to reduce frequency of pregnancy
Reproductive window
Time when women can become pregnant
Factors that Impact Fertility (name 3)
Access to contraceptives, level of women's rights, cultural influences (eg. tv)
Problems caused by China's single-child policy (FRQ)
Decrease in labor force, increase in elderly, decrease in women, increase in unmarried men,
Consequences of one-child policy (2 ex.)
Selective abortion and killing of female children
China in 2015
Instituted a two-child policy because of population "time bomb"
Type of growth undergone by human population
Exponential growth (1 billion added every 12 years)
China's one-child policy (initiatives)
Access to abortion and contraceptives and rewards for single-child families
Population doubling time
70/annual percentage growth rate
Factors that decreased infant mortality rate
Improved sanitation, modern medicine and increased agricultural output
Argument of British economist Thomas Malthus
Number of people would eventually outgrow the available food supply
Demography
Study of human populations
Pre-industrial stage of demographic transition
High birth rate, high death rate
Transitional stage of demographic transition
High birth rate, declined death rate
Industrial stage of demographic transition
Declined birth rate, low death rate
Post-industrial stage of demographic transition
Low birth rate, low death rate
