Erikson's Theory and Development of Young & Middle Adults - Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering Erikson’s psychosocial stages and related life-span concepts (young and middle adulthood) as described in the notes.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A stage-based theory in which each stage has a developmental task; how these tasks are resolved influences responses to life events, illness, and overall development.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth to about 12–18 months; develops trust in caregiver, self, and world; successful resolution leads to faith and optimism; unmet needs can cause fear and mistrust.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

12–18 months to 3 years; develops independence and control over bodily functions; autonomy through making choices; crucial for self-control and willpower.

Initiative vs. Guilt

3 to 6 years; children develop a conscience and expand abilities; learn to initiate activities without infringing on others’ freedoms; successful resolution yields direction and purpose.

Industry vs. Inferiority

6 to 12 years; children learn through accomplishments and social interaction; inadequate support leads to feelings of inferiority; builds competence through real achievement.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Puberty (12-18 years); exploration of self and future roles; mastery leads to a coherent sense of self and fidelity to others; concerns about body image and vocational goals arise.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adulthood (18-34 years); develop deep, meaningful relationships and friendships; inability to form intimate connections can lead to isolation.

Generativity vs. Self-Absorption/Stagnation

Middle adulthood (35-64 years); focus on guiding the next generation through parenting, teaching, and community involvement; failure leads to stagnation.

Integrity vs. Despair

Old age (65+); reflection on life’s meaning and accomplishments; acceptance and wisdom from overcoming life’s challenges.

Young Adult

Ages 18-34; physical growth largely complete by ~20; cognitive growth includes increased critical thinking; psychosocial focus on intimacy and career goals.

Middle Adult

Ages 35–64; visible aging and climacteric/menopause in many; psychosocial focus includes generativity, career transitions, and caregiving for aging parents (the “Sandwich” generation).

Childbearing Family

Family unit during pregnancy and childbirth; includes singlehood, parenthood, and alternate family structures; prenatal care and health practices are central.

Singlehood

A type of family structure where individuals are not married or in a partnered relationship; distinct from parenting or blended family arrangements.

Parenthood

The role of raising children within a family structure; a common form of family in the childbearing and early adulthood periods.

Alternate Family Structures

Non-traditional family arrangements (e.g., blended families, same-sex parents, extended family caregiving) that differ from the traditional nuclear family.

Prenatal Care

Physical assessment, education, and counseling provided to pregnant individuals; information on health issues and childcare; ongoing monitoring during pregnancy.

Acute Care

Care for acute illnesses or injuries; hospitalization can increase stress and recovery may be longer; acute conditions can become chronic.

Restorative and Continuing Care

Care planning for chronic illness or disability; impact on roles and routines; caregiver strain and need for community support.

Menopause/Climacteric

Middle-age hormonal changes leading to the end of menstrual cycles and related physiological changes; significant component of middle adulthood.

Sandwich Generation

Middle-aged adults who simultaneously care for their aging parents and their own children.

Health Promotion

Education and practices aimed at maintaining health and preventing illness across the lifespan.

Psychosocial Health

Mental and social aspects of well-being, including job and family stress, infertility, obesity, exercise, and overall coping.

Intimate Partner Violence

Violence or abuse occurring within an intimate relationship; a significant health risk addressed in psychosocial health.

Substance Abuse

Misuse of drugs or alcohol that can impact physical and psychosocial health and functioning.

Human Trafficking

The exploitation and illegal trafficking of individuals for labor or sexual exploitation; a noted health risk and social concern.

Unplanned Pregnancy

Pregnancy that occurs without prior planning or intention; a health and psychosocial concern in family planning.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Infections transmitted through sexual contact; prevention includes education, safe practices, and access to care.

Occupational Hazards/Exposures

Workplace or environmental exposures linked to diseases and cancers; important consideration in health risk assessment.

Health Literacy

Ability to obtain, read, understand, and use health information to make appropriate health decisions.

Anxiety

Psychological health condition characterized by excessive worry or fear; common in various life stages and affected by stress.

Depression

Mood disorder with persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and functional impairment; influenced by psychosocial factors.

Early-Onset Dementia

Dementia that occurs earlier than typical aging; requires attention to cognitive health and support.