ART162 Elements and Principles Quiz

Shape

Design that is two-dimensional and encloses an area.

Form

Three-dimensional and encloses volume. Form is very similar to shape in that there are organic shapes and angular shapes, but that they are three-dimensional rather than shapes two-dimensional. Image 2.5 shows the organic form of a remnant piece of marble sculpture.

Rhythm

Art concerned with repeating an element to make a work seem active or suggest vibration. Not all principles are equal; some are more complex. Rhythm is such a principle. To have rhythm, you need a pattern, and to have a pattern, you need a repeated motif. Image 2.16 has a few repeated motifs, such as brown vertical rectangle wall shapes and similar-size windows and horizontal rectangle deck platforms. These repeated motifs create visual rhythm.

Space

Refers to the area within, around, between, or behind objects. There is negative space and positive space.

Texture

Refers to the surface of that object. There are two types of texture to consider. Simulated texture refers to the mimicking of texture found in nature, but if you touched that specific artwork, it would not correspond to its simulated texture. Simulated texture is specific to two-dimensional art like photography. Actual texture refers to the surface of a physical object.

Contrast

The degree of difference existing between elements. The most versatile art principle is contrast. All the art elements can be discussed through contrast. Contrast of line, color, shape, form, value, texture, space, and time. Image 2.15 shows a contrast of color by showing the buildings complimentary orange and blue color scheme.

Intensity

Color intensity relates to the degree of saturation or intensity of that color.

Value

Relates to the gradation from light to dark. Value can relate to a color or to the gradual range between black and white. Often, art students are asked to create a nine square value range starting with pure white and finishing with pure black. Teachers use nine squares because it is difficult but possible to create nine distinctly different values.

Emphasis

Refers to the use of visual information in the work to direct the viewer to look at a specific part of the work. In Image 2.13, Francis Goya used diagonal lines of the white shirted man’s arms in the air and the guns to force the viewer to look at the man in white. Goya also used value contrast by using the man with the white shirt to stick out compared to the darker surrounding areas.

Balance

Refers to the equalizing elements in a work of art.

Line

The path of a moving point through space.

Harmony

Refers to visual agreement with a work of art. Harmony uses all the elements and principles for its defense. In Image 2.17, five similar vertical red pil-lars stand behind one large white marble sculpture. The sculpture is stylistically similar having curves and folds of angel bodies and clothing, with a few repeated gold designs on its pedestal. There is a lot of action in the work, but the few chosen elements of color, stylistic shape with angel icons, unifies this interior space.

Scale

Scale refers to the size of an object compared to another

Time

Refers to the manipulation, rep-resentation, or experience of time within a creative work. A more recent element of art, time, needed to be added due to kinetic art, performance art, and video art which all have a specific presentation time length. Because the art is accessible only within a specific time frame, time then needs to be considered an element to be manipulated for artistic purposes.

Movement

Techniques used to create the illusion of action, rhythm, or flow. In Image 2.9, diagonal lines shift to one-point down the street, forcing the viewer to quickly move their eyes from the edge of the image to the center.

Motif

A motif is a specifically developed shape, line, or design often to be repeated.

Color

Refers to the visual sensation we experience from light reflecting off objects, where different wavelengths of light are absorbed or bounced back, and our eyes and brain interpret these as different hues of color.

Pattern

The repetition of a motif through-out the work of art.

Tint

Tint is any amount of white added to a hue.

Name the three types of line.

There are three types of lines: (1) vertical line, horizontal line, and diagonal line. These lines influence us psychologically in different ways as our eyes travel throughout the artwork’s composition. We view vertical lines as strength. Horizontal lines create a sense of rest, and we travel across the line much slower. But diagonal lines create movement, forcing the viewers’ eyes to quickly run through the artist’s composition.

List the three types of balance.

There are three types of balance: (1) symmetrical bal-ance, (2) asymmetrical balance, and (3) radial balance.