Haitian Revolution

Island of Hispaniola

The Caribbean island that divided Haiti (Saint Domingue) and the Dominican Republic.

Tainos

The indigenous people of Hispaniola before European colonization.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer credited with European discovery of the Americas in 1492.

Bartolome de las Casas

Dominican Priest who advocated the rights of indigenous people and condemned the mistreatment of slaves.

Guacanagari

Taino chief who resisted Spanish colonization.

Anacaona

A Taino chief and poet known for her leadership and resistance against Spanish conquest.

Cacique

The name for a chief or a leader among the Tainos and other indigenous groups.

Enriques rebellion

A revolt led by Enrique and other Tainos, one of the early signs of the inevitable revolution.

Gold

A very valuable metal that the French and Spanish colonizers desired.

Sugar

A crop with very high demand that is easy to make profit with.

Treaty of Ryswick

A treaty signed that divided Saint Domingue and Dominican Republic.

Santo Domingo

The capital of the Dominican Republic.

Saint Domingue

The French colony of Hispaniola, site of the Haitian Revolution.

Transatlantic slave trade

The forced transportation of Africans slaves to the Americas.

White planters (grand blanc)

White, wealthy, land owners in Saint Domingue who owned the plantations.

Affranchis/ mixed race populations

The former slaves, or free people of color, many of whom were mixed race.

Sugar plantations

Large estates that helped harvest sugar cane.

French Revolution

A period of social and political change in France.

Voodoo

A religion combining African traditions.

Bois Caiman ceremony

A voodoo ceremony that marked the beginning of the Haitian revolution.

Boukman Duty

A former slave and a voodoo priest who encouraged slaves to rebel against their owners.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

A former slave who became the leader of the Haitian revolution and wrote the first Haitian constitution.

Sonthonax

The guy that abolished slavery.

Jean Jacques Dessalines

A helper for L'Ouverture who took over after L'Ouverture's death.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French military ruler and emperor who tried to regain control over Haiti.

1804

The year Haiti became independent from France.

Haiti's Independence

Year Haiti became independent from France, 1804.

Three Estates

Social classes in pre

Bourgeoisie

Middle class demanding political representation in France.

Cahiers de doléance

Grievance lists from the three estates for equal rights.

Declaration of Rights of Man

Proclaimed all men are born free and equal.

The Enlightenment

Era promoting liberty, equality, and democracy ideas.

Estates General

Assembly of representatives from all three estates.

Palace of Versailles

Royal residence symbolizing monarchy's lavish lifestyle.

King Louis XVI

French king whose spending led to financial collapse.

American Revolution

War of independence by thirteen colonies against Britain.

Tennis Court Oath

Third estate's pledge to write a constitution.

National Assembly

Revolutionary government formed by third estate representatives.

Storming of the Bastille

Attack on prison symbolizing end of absolute monarchy.

Jean Paul Marat

Radical journalist whose assassination fueled Jacobins.

Women's March to Versailles

Angry women stormed Versailles demanding bread and justice.

1st French Constitution

Limited the king's power through legislative assembly.

National Convention

Governing body responsible for Louis' execution and Reign of Terror.

Vendee Rebellion

Uprising against revolutionary government in western France.

Maximilien Robespierre

Jacobin leader viewed as a tyrant during Reign of Terror.

Reign of Terror

Radical phase eliminating opposition to the revolution.

The Guillotine

Execution device symbolizing radical ideas during revolution.

The Directory

Government after Reign of Terror marked by corruption.

Coup d'état

Overthrow of government leading to Napoleon's rise.

Napoleon and the Consulate

Government form established by Napoleon, making him consul.