CH 3 Aneurysm, TBI, Neoplasm, Surgical Trauma

Aneurysm

Abnormal stretching or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel due to disease or hereditary factors, Hypertension and atherosclerosis

Aneurysm Symptoms include

Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, seizures, loss of consciousness

Aneurysm Usually occurs in

the Circle of Willis

Traumatic Brain Injury

Serious and life-threatening brain damage, Result of an external and forceful event, NOT DUE TO DISEASE, STROKE, SEIZURE, SURGERY

Common TBI causes

Falls, motor vehicle accidents (MVA), violent assault, being struck by an object

Immediate impact ranges TBI

from mild TBI to coma or death

Damaged brain area and severity determines

Language and cognitive deficits are varied and complex

What is Common for children ages 4 years and under

to sustain a TBI

Opioid-Related Brain Injury

Toxic Brain Injury, Anoxic/Hypoxic Brain Injury

Anoxic/hypoxic brain injury: Severity depends on extent and length of oxygen deprivation, Damage is usually diffuse

Toxic brain injury

Damage to the brain induced by high levels of toxins in the body.,Common in opioid abuse and CO2 poisoning

Brain Tumors/Neoplasm

Abnormal growth of cells in the brain, Serves no purpose to the body

The names of brain tumors

reflect the types of cells they are composed of

All brain tumor types

Oligodendroglioma, Primary tumor, Secondary tumor, Malignant brain tumors, Benign brain tumors

Oligodendroglioma

Tumor composed of myelin producing cells; oligodendroytes

Primary tumor

Brain tumor that originates in the brain

Secondary tumor (aka metastatic tumor)

Cancerous tumor that spreads from another part of the body to the brain

Biopsy

Surgery to remove a piece of tissue for testing

Malignant brain tumors

These brain tumors are brain cancer, Can grow and spread quickly to other body parts, Treated with surgical removal and radiation

Benign brain tumors

Cannot spread to other parts of the body, Mass effect may occur

Surgical Trauma

Damage to brain tissue maybe occurring during brain surgery, result in acquired speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing deficits, May also cause secondary seizures, additional CVAs, infections, and increased intracranial pressure