Oral Pathology Pt 2

Malignant tumor

• Abnormal cell growth

• Invades/destroys

• Metastasizes

• Treated with surgery, chemo, radiation

Benign tumor

• Normal cell overgrowth

• Not cancer

• Does not invade/metastasize

• Treated with surgical excision

Leukoplakia

White patch that can not be wiped off

• Biopsy needed

Erythroplakia

Red/velvety patch

• Higher malignancy risk

Squamous cell carcinoma

Most common oral cancer

• White/red/ulcerative

• Non-healing

• Common on tongue/floor of mouth

Adenocarioma

Salivary gland cancer

• lump under mucosa

Sarcoma

Cancer of connective tissue

Osteosarcoma

Bone cancer

• Painful

• Swelling

• Sunburst appearance

Leukemic gingiva

Swollen, enlarged, bleeding gingiv

• Red/purplish

Warning signs of oral cancer

• Sore that lasts more than 3 weeks

• Lumps

• White/red lesions

• Difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking

• Numbness/burning

Risk factors for oral cancer

• Smoking/tobacco

• Alcohol

• Age (40+)

• HPV

HIV vs AIDS

• HIV = virus attacking CD4 cells

• AIDS = late stage, low CD4, opportunistic infections

CD4 Count ranges

• Normal = 1000

• AIDS = <200

Oral Lesions linked to HIV/AIDS?

• Oral hairy leukoplakia

• Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Candiadisis

• Herpes Simplex

• Lymphoma

Oral hairy leukoplakia

White corrugated lateral tongue

• Cannot be wiped off

• Predictive of AIDS

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Cancer of blood vessels

• Purple-red tumors on palate/gingiva

Attrition

Tooth-to-tooth wear

Abrasion

Mechanical wear from foreign object

Toothbrush abrasion

Cervical notches from aggressive brushing

Erosion

Chemical enamel loss

Internal vs External Resorption

• Internal = dentin loss inside tooth

  • Pink spot, trauma/inflammatiion

• External = root surface loss

  • Leads to tooth loss

Amelogenesis

Enamel defect

• thin, pitted, or missing enamel

Dentinogensis

Dentin defect

• opalescent, translucent, or fragile teeth

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

• Cleft Lip = congenital upper-lip split

• Cleft palate = failure of palate fusion

Ankylglossia

Tongue tie

• Short lingual frenum

Supernumerary tooth

Extra tooth

• Ex: mesiodens

Macrodontia vs Microdontia

• Macro = abnormally large teeth

• Micro = abnormally small teeth

Anodontia & Parial andontia

• Anodontia = complete absence of teeth

• Partial anodontia = missing some teeth congenitally