Philippine Government: American Period to Japanese Era

Flashcards covering core concepts from the American Military Period, transition to Civil Government, Commonwealth era, and Japanese occupation for POLGOV review.

During what years did the American period in the Philippines take place, according to the notes?

1898-1946

What war was used by the United States to justify taking control of the Philippines from Spain?

The Spanish-American War

How did Spain actually transfer the Philippines to the United States?

Spain sold the Philippines to the United States.

Who held the highest authority in the Philippines during the American Military Period?

The Military Governor

Name two Military Governors who ruled the Philippines under the U.S. Military Government.

Any two of: Wesley Merritt, Elwell Otis, Arthur MacArthur

What type of government existed in the Philippines during the American Military Period?

Batas Militar (Military rule)

Which amendment shifted Philippine governance from military regime to civilian rule in 1901?

The Spooner Amendment

Under civilian rule, what title replaced “Military Governor” as the top position in the Philippines?

Civil Governor

Who is cited in the notes as an example of a Civil Governor of the Philippines?

William Howard Taft

What 1907 body first allowed Filipinos to hold elective positions in the national government?

The Philippine Assembly

Which 1916 law expanded Filipino participation by granting control over law-making?

The Jones Law of 1916

Who was elected Senate President following the passage of the Jones Law?

Manuel L. Quezon

What was the main purpose of the Commonwealth Government established in 1935?

To serve as a 10-year transition period preparing the Philippines for independence.

Which U.S. law created the Commonwealth and promised Philippine independence after 10 years?

The Tydings-McDuffie Act

Which earlier law with a similar goal was opposed by Quezon due to tariffs on sugar and continued U.S. control of Philippine trade?

The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law

Which two Filipino leaders worked for the passage of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law?

Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas

Why did Japanese forces occupy the Philippines during the Commonwealth period?

Because of World War II, during which Japan invaded many Asian countries including the Philippines.

What name is given to the Japanese-era Philippine government because it followed Japanese military orders?

A puppet government

Who served as President of the Philippines under the Japanese Military Administration?

José P. Laurel

In what years did the Japanese Military Administration control the Philippines?

1943-1945