Spanish Colonial Architecture in the Philippines

Pigafetta

Chronicler of Magellan's expedition in 1521.

Limasawa Island

Site of Magellan's first landing in the Philippines.

Juan de Salcedo

Nephew of Legaspi, conquered Maynilad.

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

Established Manila as the capital in 1570.

Maynilad

Former name of Manila, capital of Philippines.

Tornaviaje

Return trip to Mexico across the Pacific.

Manila Galleon Trade

Trade route connecting Manila to Acapulco.

Rajah Soliman

Ruler of Maynilad, resisted Spanish conquest.

Christian missionary efforts

Objective to convert Filipinos to Christianity.

Cebu

First Spanish colony established in 1565.

Villa de San Miguel

Settlement named after St. Michael's feast.

Pasig River

Strategic location for trade and settlement.

Sto. Nino

Discovery significant to early Spanish colonization.

Malayan-Islamic settlement

Original inhabitants of Maynilad before Spanish arrival.

Chinese merchants

Traders who interacted with early Filipino settlements.

Forts

Defensive structures made of palm-logs.

Indigenous Tagalog tribes

Local groups engaged in trade with colonizers.

Spice trade

Primary economic goal of Spanish expeditions.

Andres de Urganeta

Discovered the tornaviaje route to Mexico.

Rajah Matanda

Another chieftain during the Spanish colonization.

Maynilad etymology

Derived from 'may nilad', referring to mangrove.

Seat of power

Location for native chiefs outside the fort.

Luzon

Major island in the Philippines.

Riverine settlements

Communities developed along river systems.

Supra-barangay

Local and international governance structure.

Urban Plan

Design of streets, plazas, and trade areas.

Fortification

Defense structures using earth and coconut logs.

Lantakas

Locally made cannons used for defense.

Civic Buildings

Structures serving community functions.

Ecclesiastical Building

Religious structures within urban areas.

Schools

Educational institutions for local populations.

Hospitals

Medical facilities for community health.

Leyes de las Indias

Spanish laws governing colonial territories.

Bathala

Main god in indigenous Philippine religion.

Anito

Lesser gods in indigenous belief systems.

Instrucciones

Guidelines for urban planning in colonies.

Baybayin

Indigenous alphabet used in the Philippines.

Maginoo

Noble class in pre-colonial Philippine society.

Timawa

Freemen class in pre-colonial society.

Alipin

Slave class in pre-colonial Philippine society.

Legazpi

Spanish explorer who founded Manila in 1571.

Capital of new territories

Manila declared capital under Spanish rule.

Presidios

Military towns established for defense.

Pueblos

Civilian towns developed during colonization.

Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad

Royal title granted to loyal cities.

Episcopal seat

Bishop's residence and administrative center.

Coat of arms

Symbolic emblem representing a city.

Cuadricula

Grid pattern layout for urban planning.

Open space

Public areas for gatherings and recreation.

Principal streets

Main roads leading to central plaza.

Secondary roads

Roads parallel to principal streets.

Two city plan

Design considerations for inland and coastal cities.

Galleon Trade

Trans-Pacific trade route between Manila and Acapulco.

Static defense

Fortifications providing fixed protection.

Buttressed Fortification

Reinforced defensive structures in urban areas.

Governor-General

Spanish official overseeing colonial administration.

Cavite

Naval arsenal complementing Manila's port activities.

Antonio Sedeno

Jesuit priest, first architect of Manila.

Fort San Pedro

Oldest fort in Cebu, built for defense.

Fort San Felipe

Constructed 1609-1619, located in Cavite.

Hydraulic engineering

Techniques developed for ship anchorage.

Renaissance techniques

Architectural designs adapted for regional requirements.

Cuerpo de Guardia

Living quarters for fort personnel in Manila.

Dynamic Defense

Periodic vigilance strategy for fort protection.

Almacenes de Polvora

Powder magazine located at San Miguel bastion.

Vivienda del teniente

Lieutenant's living quarters in the fort.

Spanish crown

Governed defense systems in the New World.

Defense constructions

Largest collection of fortifications in the Philippines.

Fortifications

Structures built for military protection and defense.

Intramuros

Walled city in Manila housing Jesuit buildings.

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Spanish explorer who commanded fort construction.

Plaza Independencia

Location near Fort San Pedro in Cebu.

Negritos

Indigenous group defended against in Pampanga.

Igorots

Mountain tribe defended against in Cagayan.

Moros

Muslim raiders targeted by fort defenses.

Stone fort

Replaced original wooden structure in early 17th century.

Bays

Natural harbors providing ship protection.

Manila

Key military/naval center for Spanish defense.

Shipyards and warehouses

Support infrastructure for Manila's military operations.

Fortifications date

Today's structure dates from 1738.

Jesuit Motherhouse

Sedeno's design using European building techniques.

Governor Santiago de Vera

Commissioned Sedeno for fort reconstruction.

Fernando Valdes y Tamon

Governor General who described fortifications.

Cavite Naval Base

Current location of Fort San Felipe.

Triangular bastion fort

Largest fortification design in the Philippines.

Fort Santiago

Fortress built from 1596 to 1602 in Manila.

Spanish Colonial Architecture

Architectural style during Spanish rule in Philippines.

Hierarchy

Social structure within Spanish colonial society.

Manila

Capital of the Philippines during Spanish regime.

Ciudad

Term for city in Spanish.

Ciudades

Spanish term for other cities.

Falsabraga

Low rampart in front of fortifications.

Villas

Residential areas within Spanish colonial cities.

Poblacion

Central area of a settlement or town.

Fortins

Small forts or redoubts, also known as reductos.

Intramuros

Walled city of Manila during Spanish rule.

Cortina

Curtain wall linking bastions in fortifications.

Ravellin

Outer fortification protecting the gate.

Bastion

Protruding structure along the cortina for defense.

Ciudad Murada

Term for Walled City during American Period.