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Taxonomic Classification
A formal hierarchy for establishing taxa, developed by Carolus Linnaeus.
Binomial Nomenclature
A system for naming species by using two Latin names: genus and species.
Species Definition
All individual organisms of a natural population that interbreed at maturity in the wild and produce fertile offspring.
Analogous Structures
Structures that are similar in appearance and function but arose through separate descent.
Homologous Structures
Structures that arise from a common descent, which don't necessarily share common appearance or function.
Gradistic Classification
Classification based on morphological similarities.
Cladistic Classification
Classification based on evolutionary relationships and derived traits.
Pentadactyly
The condition of having five digits on the appendages.
Frugivore
An organism that primarily eats fruits.
Omnivore
An organism that eats both plant and animal protein.
Cercopithecoids
Old World monkeys that have tails and bilophodont molars.
Hominoids
Apes and humans that do not have tails and possess Y-5 molars.
Hominid
Great apes, humans, and our ancestors since the split with chimpanzees.
Hominin
Humans or their recent ancestors since the split with chimpanzees.
Morphological Traits
Physical characteristics used for species classification in fossils.
Common descent
The principle that species share a unique last common ancestor.
Phylogenetic Classification
A method of classification based on evolutionary history and relationships.
Tarsiers
Nocturnal primates that are considered primitive but share traits with anthropoids.
Sexual Dimorphism
The differences in appearance between male and female members of the same species.
Paleospecies
Species identified primarily through fossil records, with ambiguous interbreeding potential.
