Mitosis and Meiosis- Brennan H

Somatic cells are diploid cells because their chromosomes are in ____________.

pairs

Somatic cells undergo ________ instead of meiosis.

mitosis

Gametes are sex cells and undergo ___________.

meiosis

Somatic cell division results in an increase of __________ cells for growth and repair.

body

Pairs of chromosomes are called ____________ ______________.

homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes have a maternal and paternal chromosome of the same _________.

number

DNA is in the form of _________ when the cell is not dividing or preparing to divide.

chromatin

DNA is packaged by _____________.

proteins

A chromosome is essentially made of one long strand of ___________.

DNA

Before DNA replication, chromosomes have __ chromatid.

1

A _________ is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach which is connected to the mitotic spindle.

centromere

A cell undergoes DNA replication in _____________.

interphase

The backbone of a DNA strand is made up of _____________ bonds.

covalent

The bases in a strand of DNA are connected by _______________ bonds.

hydrogen

Adenine goes with ___________.

Thymine

Cytosine goes with _____________.

guanine

DNA replication is _______ ____________ because each new strand of DNA contains one of the older ones

semi conservative

Helicase is an enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA, breaking the _________ bonds.

hydrogen

________ ________.is an enzyme that adds RNA primers to guide DNA polymerase to have a place to start

RNA primase

In the ___________ strand, DNA polymerase can have a continuous build

leading

The _____________ strand requires multiple primers for DNA polymerase and forms okazaki fragments.

lagging

Replication occurs in the ___ to ____ direction.

5' to 3'

Okazaki fragments are fragments of DNA which are spliced together by ________________.

ligase

A cell in _______________shows a distinct nucleus and an absence of chromosomes.

interphase

A cell in ___________ has visible chromosomes, the nucleus and nuclear envelope disappear, and the mitotic spindle forms.

prophase

A cell in _____________ will have chromosomes lined up single file in the center of the cell.

metaphase

A cell in ___________ is characterized by the splitting of centromeres and the movement of the two sister chromatids to the opposite sides of the cell.

anaphase

________ is the division of a parent cell's cytoplasm and organelles.

cytokinesis

A cell in ____________ will begin to form a new nucleus and have a larger cleavage furrow.

telophase

Instead of a cleavage furrow, a plant cell will develop a _______ ________ during telophase

cell plate

In sexual reproduction, the offspring will have __________.

variation

Gametes are __________, meaning their chromosomes are not in pairs.

haploid

A _________ is the result of fertilization when a haploid sperm and haploid egg come together. They WILL have chromosomes in pairs.

zygote

The location of a gene on a chromosomes is the ____________. They are at the same spot in homologus chromosomes.

locus

Reproductive cell division produces _____________.

gametes

In prophase 1 , homologous chromosomes undergo __________ and paired chromosomes undergo _________ _________.

synapsis, crossing over.

_________, pairs of 4 chromosomes form during prophase 1.

tetrads

During ____________ __ tetrads line up and chromosomes undergo independent assortment.

metaphase 1

During metaphase 1, Each pair of chromosomes can line up independent to the other pairs. This is called ________ __________.In humans, there are more than 8 million possibilities

independent assortment

At the end of Meiosis 1, cells are ____________.

haploid

______ chromosomes are present in one human gamete with 46 chromatids

23

_____________ is the time between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2

Interkinesis

Meiosis 2 follows Meiosis 1 without __________ _________________

DNA replication

Prophase 2 is normal except for ____________.

synapsis

After Telophase 2, ____ cells are made.

4

After Telophase 2, 23 ____________ are present with ONE chromatid

chromosomes

After meiosis, chromosome number is _____________.

halved

Meisosis introduces genetic ___________.

variability

A ____________ is the failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate

nondisjunction

In this karyotype, the baby's gender is _______.

male

In this karyotype, the baby's gender is __________.

female

In this karyotype, the baby has a _________ in chromosome 21.

trisomy