Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3

Cells that are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end are called_________ cells.

fusiform

The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are_________ in shape.

Squamous

The fluid outside of a cell is called_________.

Extracellular fluid

Which of the following is not one of the three basic components of a cell?

A. Cytoplasm

B.Nucleus

C. Plasma membrane

D. Interstitial fluid

Interstitial fluid

The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are________.

Phospholipids

Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called_________.

Receptors

In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called_________, whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them.

Kinases

In the glycocalyx,_________ act like identification tags that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells.

Glycoproteins

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the_________.

Glycocalyx

Which of the following does not affect the rate of diffusion?

A. Temperature

B. Size of molecules

C. Presence of enzymes

D. Steepness of gradient

Presence of enzymes

The term_________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.

Selectively Permeable

 _________ is the process in which_________ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells.

Filtration; hydrostatic pressure

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called_________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called_________.

osmosis; aquaporins

The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its_________. The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its_________.

osmolarity; tonicity

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is_________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to_________.

higher; shrink

Insulin is taken up, via endocytosis, by the endothelial cells that line blood capillaries. Then, it's transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released. This transport is called_________.

transcyotsis

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. The carrier protein is a(n)_________ and the process is called_________.

symport; contransport

The sodium-potassium pump transports both sodium and potassium_________ their concentration gradients in a process called_________.

up, active transport

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

Both are examples of carrier-mediated transport.

Which of the following processes requires the use of energy?

Active transport

Which of the following processes only occurs in the plasma membrane of a living cell?

Active transport

Which of the following is not a method by which particles can leave a cell?

1. Option A

   Active transport

2. Option B

   Exocytosis

3. Option C

   Simple diffusion

4. Option D

   An antiport system

5. Option E

   Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of which process_________.

Phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a function of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

Option A

Heat production

Option B

Transport of Sodium into the cell and Potassium out of the cell

Option C

Secondary active transport

Option D

Regulation of cell volume

Option E

Maintenance of membrane potential

transport of sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell

Which of these is an example of active transport?

Option A

The diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration

Option B

The facilitated diffusion of Potassium (K+)

Option C

The transport of glucose down its concentration gradient

Option D

The transport of sodium (Na+) from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

Option E

The transport of Chloride (Cl-) following its concentration gradient

the transport of sodium from place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

Which of these processes brings droplets of extracellular fluid into a cell?

1. Option A

   Phagocytosis

2. Option B

   Receptor-mediated endocytosis

3. Option C

   Transcytosis

4. Option D

   Pinocytosis

5. Option E

   Exocytosis

Pinocytosis :)

Which type of solution contains higher than normal amounts of osmotically active solutes?

Hypertonic Solution

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If solution A has a higher concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B, then_________

water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is_________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid, and will cause the cell to_________.

higher; shrink

A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline. Normal saline is_________ to your blood cells and is _________ sodium chloride (Na+Cl-) in water.

isotonic; 0.9%

True or False: Facilitated diffusion requires energy to transport molecules against a concentration gradient

False

True or False: The greater the concentration gradient the faster diffusion occurs.

True

True or False: Temperature of a solution causes the particles to diffuse more rapidly.

True

True or False: Particles diffuse at the same rate down a gradient despite the concentration difference.

False

True or False: Heavy molecules such as as proteins diffuse more slowly than a light particle such as an electrolyte.

True

True or False: Filtration is a process in which physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane.

True

Which protein would be used to tell an immune system cell if a body cell is "self" or "not self" (foreign)?

1. Option A

   A

2. Option B

   B

3. Option C

   C

4. Option D

   D

5. Option E

   E

Option E

Which protein would bind a chemical messenger like the neurotransmitter acetylcholine?

1. Option A

   A

2. Option B

   B

3. Option C

   C

4. Option D

   D

5. Option E

   E

Option A

Which protein would only open at certain voltages?

1. Option A

   A

2. Option B

   B

3. Option C

   C

4. Option D

   D

5. Option E

   E

Option D

Solution A is __________ compared to solution B.

hypotonic

Solution B is __________ compared to solution A.

hypertonic

Which solutions are in equilibrium?

C and D

What molecule is found at the letter A? 

Sodium (Na+)

Which type of transport is pictured here?

Active transport

What molecule is found at the letter C ?

ATP

The fluid inside of a cell is called?

Cytosol

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding Microvilli on cell surfaces.

1. Option A

   they are extensions of the plasma membrane

2. Option B

   they increase the available cell surface area

3. Option C

   they may appear as a “fringe” called a brush border

4. Option D

   they may serve as sensory receptors on some cells

5. Option E

   all of the above are correct

all of the above

Aquaporins in the cell membrane promote which function?

Osmosis

Which statement best describes the function of Gated Channels in a cell membrane?

1. Option A

   acts as a cell identity marker

2. Option B

   is constantly open to allow solutes through

3. Option C

   breaks down neurotransmitters

4. Option D

   binds to circulating hormones

5. Option E

   open and close at certain times to allow solute to pass through

open and close at certain times to allow solute to pass through

When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it activates the formation of a/an _____inside the cell.

Second messanger