APUSH unit 5 2/2

Slave Codes

Laws that regulated and defined the status of slaves, often restricting their movements, activities, and rights.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the United States across the continent was destined and divinely ordained.

Stephen Austin

Known as the "Father of Texas," he played a key role in the colonization of Texas by Americans.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican general and president who played a significant role in the Texas Revolution and the Mexican-American War.

Sam Houston

Military leader and politician, a key figure in the Texas Revolution and the first President of the Republic of Texas.

Alamo

A historic mission in San Antonio, Texas, where a pivotal battle occurred during the Texas Revolution in 1836.

John Tyler

The tenth president of the United States, known for his annexation of Texas.

James K. Polk

The eleventh president, associated with the concept of Manifest Destiny and responsible for the annexation of Oregon and the Mexican-American War.

“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!”

Slogan associated with the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and Britain.

Bear Flag Republic

A short-lived, independent republic proclaimed by American settlers in California during the Mexican-American War.

Mexican Cession

Territories ceded to the United States by Mexico after the Mexican-American War, including California and New Mexico.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War, established the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas, and ceded territories to the U.S.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed legislation that sought to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico after the Mexican-American War.

Ostend Manifesto

Secret plan to acquire Cuba and expand slave territory, which was not implemented.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain regarding the construction of a transoceanic canal across Central America.

Gadsden Purchase

Acquisition of land from Mexico to facilitate the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad.

Free-Soil Movement

Opposed the expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories.

Compromise of 1850

A series of legislative measures aimed at maintaining the balance between slave and free states.

Fugitive Slave Law

Part of the Compromise of 1850, it required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

Harriet Tubman

A prominent abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe)

A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the harsh conditions of slavery, contributing to anti-slavery sentiments.

Impending Crisis of the South

A book by Hinton Helper arguing against slavery's economic benefits in the South.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed popular sovereignty to determine whether slavery would be allowed in new territories.

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflicts over the issue of slavery in the Kansas Territory.

John Brown’s Raid

An unsuccessful raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry by abolitionist John Brown.

Caning of Senator Sumner

A violent incident on the Senate floor where Senator Charles Sumner was beaten by Representative Preston Brooks.

Republican Party

Founded in the 1850s, it opposed the expansion of slavery and played a key role in the election of Abraham Lincoln.

Lecompton Constitution

A pro-slavery constitution proposed for Kansas, leading to controversy and division.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A Supreme Court decision that declared slaves were not citizens and could not sue in federal courts.

Abraham Lincoln

The 16th president of the United States, known for leading the country through the Civil War and issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine articulated by Stephen Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas debates, asserting that territories could exclude slavery despite the Dred Scott decision.

Harpers Ferry

Site of John Brown's raid, an event that heightened tensions between North and South.

Breckinridge and Bell

Presidential candidates in the election of 1860, representing the Southern Democrats and Constitutional Union Party, respectively.

Border States

Slave states that remained in the Union during the Civil War.

Fort Sumter

The site of the first battle of the Civil War when Confederate forces attacked a Union-held fort in South Carolina.