Lab 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation, ideal for exam preparation.

Aerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen and yields more ATP than fermentation.

Anaerobic Respiration

A form of respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Fermentation

An anaerobic process that converts glucose into ATP and produces byproducts like alcohol or lactic acid.

Anabolic Reactions

Energy-consuming processes that build complex biomolecules from simpler components.

Catabolic Reactions

Reactions that break down complex biomolecules to release energy.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The energy currency of the cell, produced during catabolic reactions.

Reactants of Aerobic Respiration

Glucose and oxygen, which are used to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Products of Alcohol Fermentation

Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of ATP.

Germination

The process through which seeds develop into new plants, affecting their cellular respiration.

Vernier CO2 Sensor

A device used to monitor carbon dioxide levels during experiments assessing cellular respiration.

Pyruvate

A key intermediate in metabolic processes, including glycolysis and fermentation.

Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄)

Acts as a cofactor in glycolytic enzymes, enhancing fermentation efficiency.

Sodium Fluoride (NaF)

An inhibitor that can affect the glycolysis pathway, impacting fermentation.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, occurring in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Production

A measure of cellular respiration or fermentation efficiency, as it indicates metabolic activity.

Temperature's Effect on Respiration

Higher temperatures may increase the rate of cellular respiration, whereas low temperatures can decrease it.

Fermentation Tube

A tube used to measure gas production (CO2) during fermentation experiments.

Net Change of Gas/Bubbles

The difference in gas levels observed in fermentation tubes, indicating fermentation efficiency.

Ethanol

The alcohol produced from fermentation of sugars, primarily in yeast. It can be a byproduct of anaerobic respiration.