Study guide

The intended purpose for the ? virtual filesystem is to provide an interface into the kernel and its processes

/proc

This program receives user commands and executes them

shell program

? supports both audio and video signals in a single cable, making it convenient and efficient for transmitting digital data.

HDMI

tar-xvf what do x v and f options do , and what does tar stand for ?

tape archive

x = extracts files from an archive

v = displays verbose output

f = specifies archive file

what command runs a shell or command as another user

su

which character in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges

#

Within the "free" command, the "Mem:" line reveals total ? statistics for the Linux system

RAM

name two web servers

apache NGINX

Which of the following Linux distributions allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?

CentOS

Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?

host

these two statements are true for which command ?

displays the content of the linux kernel ring buffer

it might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer info

dmesg

Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?

SATA bus

what is the UID of the user root

0

If you have a few ide/pata devices installed in a system, ? for the first device, ? second device, and ? for the third devices

hda : 1st

hdb : 2nd

hdc : 3rd

Which of the following would properly identify the device associated with the second partition on the first hard disk on the first IDE controller of a system?

/dev/hda2

Which of the following commands would be used to display the value of the HOME variable to the terminal's display?

echo $HOME

What is the command that will show system boot time messages?

dmesg

Which of the following commands will display a list of all files in the current directory, including those that may be hidden?

ls -a

Which type of link contains the data in the target file?

hard link

Regular users on a Linux system begin at UID ? and increment by 1 for each additional user.

1000

A ? directory listing includes the content of sub-directories. with what switch ?

recursive -r

Which of the following is a Debian-based computer operating system for Raspberry Pi?

Raspbian

Which keyboard shortcut allows copying highlighted text while working in the command line terminal?

CTRL + SHIFT + C

Which of the following is a valid option for a typical command to get its built-in usage information?

--help

Typing $ followed by ?? in quick succession will list all variables.

TAB TAB

how do you create a directory named dir1 dir2 …. yes there is a space between the two

mkdir “dir1 dir2”

to rename a file in linux, you utilize the ? command

move (mv)

what command displays file contents or commands output one page at a time ?

• more useful for viewing the content of large files or results of commands that produce many lines of output

less

The ? redirection operator is used to accept text on the following lines as standard input.

<<

The ? option will show the line numbers next to a file's contents when displayed to the screen.

-n

this pre release version is very new and contains a lot of bugs

alpha

this pre release version of software is where most testing is done

beta

HCL, lists tested, compatible, and sometimes incompatible hardware devices for a particular distribution

hardware compatibility list

used by debian based distros such as ubuntu, gets its name from debian

.deb

used by fedora and opensuse, stands for red hat package manager

.rpm

considered a universal package format

used by archlinux and slackware

can be .tar .tgx or .tar.gz

.tar

Contains software compiled by individual users and teams that have newer features that are not in the official distributions

Personal Package Archives (PPAs)

Program that takes commands from the keyboard and gives them to the kernel to execute

linux shell

Acts as the shell program within the command line interface

bourne again shell ( Bash )

what is ksh ( a type of shell )

korn shell

what is tsch ( a type of shell )

tee see shell

what is zsh ( a type of shell )

zee shell

what are 7 examples of a terminal emulator

gnome-terminal

konsole

zterm

rxvt

kvt

nxterm

eterm

this command Finds a file within the system

locate

this command makes a file using the command line

touch

removes an EMPTY existing folder or directory

remove directory ( rmdir )

a compressed file archive containing all of the files that come with a particular application

? = dependencies

package

3 package managers for debian

DPKG, APT-GET, and APT

package managers for .rmp

RPM, YUM , and DNF

what type of package is the universal linux format ?

.tgz

what are the 3 computer operation steps ?

computer waits for user input

user selects a command and enters it using a keyboard or a mouse

computer executes the command

A file containing a series of commands

shell script

Areas of memory that can be used to store information and are referred to by a name

▪ Act as a placeholder

variables

what command displays all the environmental variables ? ( in all caps )

printenv

? can be used to quote or turn off a special charater’s ability

backlashes

More detailed than man pages; divided into different nodes or pages and works like a web browser

info pages

info commands ;

p for ?

previous

info commands ;

n for ?

next

info commands ;

q for ?

exit

this directory is where all private data is stored

home directory

this directory holds central configuration and executable files that can only be modified by the superuser

system directory

? is the topmost directory represented by a single /

root

FHS ?

Distinguishes between shareable and unshareable files, and between static and variable files

file hierarchy standard

this FHS file type …..

user data files, program binary files

shareable files

this FHS file type ….

configuration files

unshareable files

this FHS file type….

program executables

static files

this FHS file type…

any files stored in the home directory like documents, photos

variable files

this command displays an output which includes permission strings, ownership, file sizes, file creation dates

ls -l

this command displays all the files in the directory

ls -a

which command tells you what directory you are in

pwd

Relative to the root directory ● Begins with a forward slash ● Example: /home/user1/file.txt

absolute

A tilde (~) replaces the path’s home directory ● Example: ~/file.txt

home directory

this command creates a file on the command line

empty files can act as “scratch files”

touch

this command moves and renames files

like cp, but it will replace the original file !

COPIES AND DELETES THE ORIGINAL FILE

move ( mv)

what are the two types of links?

hard and symbolic

this type of link is a duplicate directory entry where both entries point to the same file

in original linkname

hard link

this type of link is a file that refers to another file by name

symbolic link

what are the 3 types of wildcards?

? * [ ]

this wildcard stands for a single character

?

this wildcard matches any character or set of characters including no characters

*

this wildcard matches any character inside the ?

[ ]bracket

When used with a directory, it will only update the date/time stamp

touch

directories can only support ? links

symbolic

to delete a set of nested empty directories ? can be used

-p

Enables a user to generate command line options from files or other programs’ output

Xargs

this redirector operation ….

creates a new file containing standard output

>

this redirector operation ….

appends the existing output to an existing file

»

this redirector operation ….

creates a new file containing any standard errors

2>

this redirector operation ….

appends standard error to an existing file

2»

this redirector operation ….

creates a new file that contains the standard output and the standard error

&>

this redirector operation ….

sends the content of a specified file as input back into the standard input

<

this redirector operation ….

accepts text on the following lines as standard input

«

this redirector operation ….

specified file can be used for standard input and standard output

<>

what are the two forms of regular expressions?

basic and extended

^ shares the ? of a line

start

$ shows the ? of a line

end

this special character shows repetition

*

this special character is used to escape a special character

\

what are 2 common archiving commands/

tar & ZIP

what are 4 popular text editors ?

vi, emacs, pico, and nano