A&P EXAM 1 THE CELL BMCC BIO 425

What is a cell?

The basic unit of life

List the levels of organization from the atom to the cell.

1)ATOM
2) MOLECULE
3)ORGANELLE
4)CELL

What is an organelle?

A object inside a cell that has a specific function. "organ of the cell"

Draw a cell, with all its organelles and label them.

Describe the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell.

the outer boundary of the cell

What is (are) the functions of the plasma membrane?

to keep shape of the cell. to keep the material in and foreign objects out

What is the chemical composition of the plasma membrane?

double layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded.

What is the name of the cellular compartment located between the nucleus and the cell membrane?

cytoplasm-the fluid material between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Name the 2 components of the cytoplasm.

organelles and cytoskeleton

Give a description of the cytosol?

Intracellular fluid,

What is the cytosol made of?

contains dissolved nutrients, ions, soluble and insoluble proteins, and waste products

Describe 3 anatomical features of the nucleus.

1) Nucleus: sphere structure
2) nuclear envelope: separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
3)Pores: controls movement between the nucleus & cytoplasm

Explain what is (are) the function(s) of the nucleus?

Ribosome synthesis & Stores DNA

Describe 3 anatomical features of mitochondria.

1) matrix
2)ribosomes
3) cristae

Explain what is the function of the mitochondria?

site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell.

List 3 anatomical features of the ribosomes.

small particles of RNA and protein found through out the cytoplasm in all cells, produce proteins by following coded instructions from the DNA

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the ribosomes?

The sites of protein synthesis.

List 3 anatomical features of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth ER
Rough ER *has robosomes

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, support, storage, synthesis, and packaging of molecules. Portions of ER where ribosomes are attached to the outer surface are called rough ER; portions that have no ribosomes are called smooth ER.

List 3 anatomical features of the Golgi complex.

Smooth flattened, disk-like membrane-bound cisternae

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the Golgi complex?

1) Synthesis of complex polysaccharides
2) Modification of proteins and lipids
3) Transport of proteins
4) Sorting of proteins

List 3 anatomical features of the lysosomes.

membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the lysosomes?

digest food, clean up and recycle

List 3 anatomical features of the cellular vesicles.

1) moves molecules in the cell
2) composed of lipids
3) transports materials

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the cellular vesicles?

Vesicles are used to transport materials within a cell between the RER, Golgi and plasma membrane.
- Cells manufacture molecules to be secreted outside of the cell, which are sometimes a complex combination of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

List 3 anatomical features of the peroxisomes.

1) contain many enzymes
2) crystalloid core
3) present in all tissue

Explain what is (are) the function (s) of the peroxisomes?

1) Lipid metabolism
2) breaks down H202
3) Neutralize free radicals

Explain what is the cytoskeleton?

Internal protein framework that provides support and structure for the cell

List 3 elements of the cytoskeleton

1) Microfilaments
2) microtubules
3)intermediate filaments

Explain what is the function of the microtubules?

maintaining cell structure. (railroad tracks)

What are the microtubules made of?

largest strands of cytoskeleton

Explain what is the function of the microfilaments?

cell mobility

What are the microfilaments made of?

actin/protein

What is the function of the intermediate filaments?

support for plasma membrane where it comes into contact with other cells or extracellular matrix

What are the intermediate filaments made of?

fibrous polypeptides

Describe a centriole.

Help organize chromosomes during cell division

35. What is the function of the centrioles?

to help with cell division

Knowing their function, what cellular organelle is in charge of disassembling old and non-functional cellular parts?

Lysosomes

Regarding their function, how are the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex related?

Form of vesicles and tubules
- vesicles bud off the ER and are received by the golgi
- anything in the lumen or the membrane of the vesicle will be transported to the new compartment

What is the organelle that produces all cellular membranes?

endoplasmic reticulum

list all the organelles involved in secreting an antibody:

1) ribosomes: synthesize the protein
2) antibody funneled through the lumen of the ER
3) vescle is made (package)
4) travel to the gogli complex