Survey of Recording Industry Final

Who deals with all aspects of the artist’s career?

Personal Manager

The ideal management team of an artist consists of:

Artist, manager, lawyer, business manager, booking agent, and merchaindiser

An artist’s manager:

All of the mentioned

Booking agents generally make ___% of the artists’ performance dollars?

10-20%

Successful booking agents serve the interests of two different parties, the artist and the talent buyer

True

Which is NOT a major player in the Live Entertainment stream?

Label

ALL BUT ONE are major areas of responsibility of a personal manager?

Co-Writing songs with the artist

Who is in the best position to handle the artist’s money?

Business manager

What does the power of attorney clause in a management contract do?

Gives the manager the power to sign agreements on behalf of the artist

____ seek employment for music artists, primarily in the field of live performance, and are heavily regulated.

Booking agents

In concert production, _____ includes wires, connectivity for sound on stage - electricity, mics, speaker

Backline

When discussing Concert Venues, “deadwood” refers to:

Empty seats

This organization is known for helping industry professionals navigate th evenue field

IAVM (International Association of Venue Managers)

Some attorneys are hired as much for their relationship and business skill as they are for their legal knowledge

True

In concert promotion, a promoter often?

Takes on a managerial role in the presentation of an event, as well as books the artists and venue

Because of low overhead costs, which convert venue often results in some of the industry’s highest profit margins?

Festival Site

Unions are organizations for a specific class of artists with similar creative interests.

False

What does the power of attorney clause in a management contract do?

Gives the manager the power to sign agreements on behalf of the artist.

A term for when a venue gives away tickets that are unsold to fill the house.

Papering the house

In concert promotion, a contract “Face Page: outlines basic information such as time, date, artist billing and length of show.

True

Which agency agreements are least likely to be for exclusive representation?

All of the options are exclusive

In our discussion of concert venues, “scale the house” refers to:

The ticket price is based on seat section

The “feeder” is a document that outlines the artist’s personal requirements

False

Stagehands are represented by IATSE (International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees)

True

Tour sponsorship is the money given to the artist by the record label to help them tour.

False

When considering concert venues, which venue is considered the largest facility for concerts?

Stadium

What job function is least likely to be handled by union workers in unionized performing facilities?

Publicity

Booking agents take a percentage of the artist’s performance revenue including the service charge on the tickets.

False

Selecting an opening act with compatible music that won’t overshadow the headliner is considered by promoters.

True

The going-rate for a personal manager’s commission is usually in the range of 10-25%

True

“Scale the House” refers to:

The ticket price is based on the seat section

The “Key Man” clause in a contract between an artist and a booking agency typically provides what kind of protection?

The artist is protected against an agency substituting a new agent

The biggest reason corporate sponsors pay to be apart of a concert tour is?

Visibility in advertising and promotional material, including at the concert

A “rider” outlines the requirements of an artist to be able to put on their best performance.

True

When considering concert venues, which venue is considered the largest facility for concerts?

Stadium

The _____ of seats is based on their proximity and sight lines to the stage.

Variable pricing

The Four P’s of Marketing:

Product, Price, Promotion, Place

On what day of the week do albums “street” in the U.S.?

Friday

A sub-publishing deal is when the songwriter owns his own publishing company and splits the 50% publisher share.

FALSE

Publishing Revenue

Publisher/Songwriter

Performing Rights Organization

Broadcaster

---

Consumers

Live Entertainment Revenue

Artist

Manager

Booking Agent

Promoter

Venue

Consumer

Recorded Music Revenue

Artist/Producer

Label

Distributor

Retail

Consumer

Popular music publishing first became big business when?

1940s

The four major sources of income within licensing

Performing Rights License, Mechanical License, Sync License, and Print/Other

Music Publishing companies are most successful when they are busy doing what?

ACQUIRING and EXPLOITING copyrights

The 1992 Home Audio Recording Act captures revenue lost from piracy by collecting royalties from the sale of digital recordings.

True

Under the first sale doctrine of U.S. copyright law, it is generally legal for someone to _____.

Sell the physical copy of a recording regardless of who owns the music.

The Harry Fox Agency was acquired by which entity in 2015?

SESAC

The ULTIMATE AUTHORITY for U.S. copryright law is the ____.

Copyright Royalty Board (CRB)

______ collects royalties for public performances of sound recordings via digital audio transmissions.

Sound Exchange

Classical music publishers never “rent” out music to customers.

False

Which is generally true when a local radio station broadcasts a hit record not provided by a radio syndicator?

A Census Technique (actual logging) is used

What does the Harry Fox Agency do?

Distributes fees to publishers and conducts audits.

Which PRO license is the most expensive?

Broadcast

Who collects royalties from the sale of digital recording devices and blank media & also registers new songs?

Copyright Office

Arrangements are considered derivative works, therefore:

Permission must be obtained from the copyright owner.

Duration of Copyright

Life of Author + 70 years

With a recording fund, an artist who incurs recording costs lower than the budgeted amount may pocket the difference.

True

Besides the fourth quarter, which is the best-selling/largest consumption season or holiday?

Valentines

SEA

A measure used to compare streaming tracks with CD album sales.

Which master incurs the highest risk to a recording company?

A newly produced recording

Four stages of a product life cycle.

Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline

Artists record for labels on what basis?

Per album

Who is responsible for balancing tonal qualities in the track final version after sessions end?

Mixer

A short form where artist agrees to give some royalties (such as SoundExchange) to the independent producer on an album.

Letter of Direction

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) does not concern itself with:

Disputes over individual artist royalty payments

What BEST identifies what the Billboard Top 200 Album Chart is based on?

Sales, single downloads, and streaming

The “all-in” royalty rate reflects money to be split between

artist and producer

When did Billboard add streaming & digital single-song sales to calculate the rankings on the Billboard Digital 200 Album Chart?

2014

Artist Contracts for 360 Deals are also known as:

Artist Brand Agreements

In a standard recording contract, who assumes the most financial risk?

Record Company

A mechanical license is:

A fee paid by the label to the publisher for the right to reproduce a song

Two basic functions of a record label

Acquire and market masters

Compared to independents, what are the areas in which major labels have the biggest business advantage?

Financial strength and distribution prowess

When did audiences in the United States and Europe begin accepting that they'd need to pay to see a musical performance?

1800s

The BIG THREE

Sony, Warner, and Universal

in 2023, which group had the largest market share?

Universal

SEA equates to?

1,500 streams equal an album

What is the main factor that led to the change in CD sales in the first decade of the 21st Century?

Unauthorized downloading

TEA stands for

Track Equivalent Album

based on the economic pressure on their profit margins, record labels rarely today act as banks.

False

In the U.S., streaming generated 84% of recorded music revenue in 2023, while globally, it was approximately 67%

True

When looking at Luminate's Top 200 chart, what determines #1 album:

most "consumption" - includes album sales, single downloads, and streaming