________ are an obscure clade of gymnosperms that has a few traits associated with angiosperms.
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Angiosperms
________ are flowering plants that produce their seeds within a fruit (a mature ovary)
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Eudicots
________ usually have floral parts in fours or fives or multiples thereof, and their seeds each contain two cotyledons.
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Cycads
________ are palmlike or fernlike in appearance.
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Progymnosperms
________ were seedless vascular plants that had megaphylls and "modern "woody tissue.
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separate plants
They are dioecious- they have male and female reproductive structures on ________- but reproduce with pollen and seeds in conelike structures.
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fertilization
After ________, the ovules become seeds, and the ovary develops into a fruit.
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bryophytes
Unlike ________ and ferns, gymnosperms produce seeds.
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nutritive organs
The ________ in their mature seeds are usually the cotyledons, which have absorbed the nutrients in the endosperm.
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microspores
Flowering plants are heterosporous and produce ________ and megaspores within the flower.
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gymnosperms
Unlike those of ________, the ovules of flowering plants are enclosed within an ovary.
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sepals
The flower, which may contain ________, petals, stamens, and carpels, functions in sexual reproduction.
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Sporophyte generation
The ________ is dominant in flowering plants.
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Female ginkgo
The ________ produces fleshy seeds directly on branches.
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vessel elements
Flowering plants have efficient water- conducting ________ in their xylem and efficient carbohydrate- conducting sieve tube elements in their phloem.
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Conifers
________ , the largest phylum of gymnosperms, are woody plants that bear needles (slender leaves that are usually evergreen) and produce seeds in cones.
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Double fertilization
________, which results in the formation of a diploid zygote and triploid endosperm, is characteristic of flowering plants.
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Ginkgo biloba
________, the only surviving species in phylum Gink- gophyta, is a deciduous, dioecious tree.
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transfer of pollen
After pollination, the ________ to the female cones, a pollen tube grows through the megasporangium to the egg within the archegonium.
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separate cones
Most conifers are monoecious and have male and female reproductive parts in ________ on the same plant.
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Pine
________ is heterosporous and produces microspores and megaspores in separate cones.
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Progymnosperms
________ probably gave rise to conifers as well as to seed ferns, which in turn likely gave rise to cycads and ginkgo.
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fertilization
After ________, the zygote develops into an embryo encased inside a seed adapted for wind dispersal.
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angiosperms
Flowering plants, or ________ (phylum Anthophyta), constitute the phylum of vascular plants that produce flowers and seeds enclosed within a fruit.
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bryophytes
Unlike ________, gymnosperms are vascular plants.
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Gymnosperms
________ also produce wind- borne pollen grains, a feature absent in ferns and other seedless vascular plants.
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Gymnosperms
________ produce seeds that are totally exposed or borne on the scales of cones; an ovary wall does not surround the ovules of gymnosperms.
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Ginkgo biloba, the only surviving species in phylum Gink
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Flashcard (27)