Lecture+13+-+2.7.25+-+Literature+searches%3B+Measurement+%26+statistics

What are some common units of measurement mentioned in the notes?

Span, Flemish Ell, Cubit, Yard, English Ell, French Ell, Fathom, Handbreadths, Feet.

What are the two types of funding sources for research mentioned?

Federal government and private industry.

Which organization provides about $47.7 billion in medical research funding?

National Institutes of Health (NIH).

What does the Belmont Report address?

Ethical principles that federally funded research should adhere to.

What are the steps involved in conducting scientific research?

1. Identify a topic 2. Learn about the topic 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Design the study 5. Collect data 6. Analyze data 7. Interpret results 8. Communicate results.

What types of biases affect citations in research?

Publication bias and selective reporting bias.

What are the primary components of an APA format scientific paper?

Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion.

How can you limit your search results effectively in research?

By using a boolean search.

What are the four levels of measurement?

Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio.

What is the purpose of operational definitions in scientific research?

To assign observable behavior as a proxy for unobservable theoretical entities.

What standards must measurements of the dependent variable meet?

Objectivity, reliability, validity (internal and external), sensitivity.

Why is it essential to analyze data in different conditions?

To evaluate the causal relationships and statistical significance of findings.

Where should reference sections in papers include?

Only those works cited within the paper.

Which tool is ideal for targeted search results in scientific research?

PubMed.

In Google Scholar, what does the boolean operator 'AND' do?

Narrows the search space to find articles containing both keywords.

What role do citations play in research?

They indicate ties to other research and guard against plagiarism.

What does the term 'sensory qualia' refer to in psychological research?

The experiences in the head of the participant that cannot be directly observed.

What is a potential ethical issue with privately funded research?

It may be driven by specific interests and pursue particular outcomes.

What is the definition of 'publication bias'?

The differential choice to publish studies or report particular results based on the significance of findings.

How should questions in scientific research be operationalized?

Into competing statistical hypotheses (null and alternative).

What happens if a measurement technique is not sensitive enough?

It may not accurately measure the phenomenon of interest.