Psychological Treatment and History

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to psychological treatment and its history.

Mental Illness Prevalence in 2017

18.9% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness.

Exorcism

A treatment method in the past involving priests to release spirits from individuals considered possessed.

Trephining

A historical practice where a hole was made in the skull to release spirits; most individuals treated this way died.

Deinstitutionalization

The policy shift in the 1960s that moved mentally ill individuals from asylums to community mental health centers; led to many individuals becoming homeless due to lack of support.

Community Mental Health Centers

Facilities across the nation that provide mental health services, often located near clients' homes.

Psychiatric Hospitals

Short-term care facilities run by state governments and local hospitals replacing asylums.

Moral Treatment

Philippe Pinel's advocacy for humane treatment of the mentally ill.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Therapy that examines how thoughts affect behavior and aims to change cognitive distortions.

Rogerian Therapy

A client-centered approach developed by Carl Rogers focusing on empathy, authenticity, and acceptance.

Psychoanalysis

Freud's therapeutic method that explores repressed impulses and childhood trauma through techniques like free association.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral technique that helps clients confront fears by gradually exposing them to the feared object or situation.

Token Economy

A behavioral reinforcement system where individuals earn tokens for exhibiting desired behaviors.

Multicultural Counseling

Therapeutic practices that incorporate clients' cultural values and life experiences into treatment.

Comorbid Disorders

The presence of two or more distinct illnesses or conditions in an individual simultaneously.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A medical procedure that uses electrical currents to induce a seizure for treating severe mental illness.

Humanistic Therapy

Therapy focused on personal growth and self-acceptance, emphasizing present and conscious thoughts.

Biomedical Therapy

Treatment involving medication or medical procedures to address psychological disorders.

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

A cognitive-behavioral approach developed by Albert Ellis that focuses on changing irrational beliefs to alter emotional responses.

Behaviour Therapy

A type of therapy that uses principles of learning to modify behavior. It often involves techniques such as reinforcement and exposure to promote behavioral change.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis, Freud developed techniques such as free association and dream interpretation to explore the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

Mary Cover Jones

An early behavior therapist known for her work with systematic desensitization and helping children overcome fears. She is often referred to as the "mother of behavior therapy." ( thought of Exposure therapy)

Aaron Beck

A psychologist known as the father of cognitive therapy, Beck developed cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address dysfunctional thinking and treat depression.

Albert Ellis

A psychologist best known for developing Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which focuses on changing irrational beliefs to improve emotional well-being.

Carl Rogers

An influential psychologist and the founder of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes unconditional positive regard and empathetic understanding in the therapeutic relationship.

Dorothea Dix

A pioneering advocate for the mentally ill in the 19th century, Dix was instrumental in establishing the first generation of mental asylums in the United States.

Phillippe Pinel

A French physician who is considered one of the founders of modern psychiatry. He advocated for more humane treatment of the mentally ill and introduced the practice of unchaining patients.