MicroBio Exam 3- adaptive immunity

Adaptive immunity targets what type of pathogen?

A specific pathogen

How is adaptive immunity acquired

through infection or vaccination 

What response is faster primary or secondary ?

Secondary

Why is secondary response faster than primary?

Faster and stronger due to the memory cells

What does humoral immunity involve 

B cells and antibodies 

Humoral immunity main focus is what?

antibody production 

What is the final outcome of Humoral cells

Activated B cells produce antibodies→ binding to antigen to neutralized and make it for destruction

Cellular immunity involves what

T cells and TCR

what does cellular immunity target specifically?

Infected cells directly

What cells mature in the Thymus

T cells

Where do B cells Mature

In bone marrow

Where is interleukins found

cytokines between leukocytes

Interferons interfere with what

Viral Infections

what do chemokines direct

the movement of leukocytes

What do tumor necrosis factor what

inflammation of autoimmunity

what do hematopoietic cytokines control

stem cells

What do antigens cause the production of 

antibodies 

What is to small to provoke an immune response

Haptens

describe hapten adduct

When it is binded covalently to a host protein a adduct is formed 

what do both haptens and hapten adduct trigger

immune response 

ex) allergic reaction or autoimmunity 

Immunoglobulin is another name for what

antibodies

what cells are needed for antibody production

Memory T cell

What does bivalent mean

Two binding sites

What are the five types of Ig

IgM

IgG

IgE

IgA 

IgD 

Where is IgG antibody found

in the serum

Where do T and B cells first mature? 

In Hematopoiesis 

If IgM is in pentamer form, what it is valence?

10

IgA is a dimer in secretions, meaning it has how many binding sites? 

4

What Immunoglobin is related to histamine responses 

IgE

What makes ImG unique?

It can form a pentamer

IgD is found where

In the blood, In the lymph and on the surface of B cells 

What is Class 1 MHC

cell surface receptors found on all nucleated cells that present intracellular peptides to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to help the immune system detect and eliminate virus-infected cells or tumor cells

where are class 2 MHC found

the surface of antigen present cell and B cells

What class of MHC works with CD4+ T helper cells

Class 2 MHC 

Do organs have to match perfectly or can it be slightly off with matching 

it can be slightly off because not everyone has the same genetics 

CD8+ what type of cells 

cytotoxic T cells 

Why are CD4+ cells important

Helper T cells

cytokine signaling with B cells; interact directly with antigens  

What does CD stand for

Clusters of differentiation

What type of cell are helper T cells

CD4+

CD8+bind to what

MHC class 1 molecules

T helper cells contact what type of antigens

displayed antigens

What are displayed antigens?

peptide fragments that are present on a cells surface bound to MCH 

what does MHC stand for

Major Histocompatibility complex

what do displayed antigens release

cytokines- which activate B cells

clonal selection differentiates activated B cells into what 

plasma or memory cells 

what do plasma cells secrete 

antibodies.

where are dendritic cell found

the skin

lymph nodes

spleen 

blood

what is apoptosis?

programmed cell death

what is apoptosis initiated by

cytotoxic cell

How is artificially active immunity gained?

A person develops his own immune response to a microbe

how is natural immunity acquired

through normal life experiences of a human and is not induced through medical terms

Artificial immunity is acquired how 

Produced purposefully through medical procedures (or called Immunization)

The consequence of a person receiving preformed immunity made another person is what?

Naturally passive immunity

artificially acquired passive immunity is due to the injection of what

antibodies..