FS Psychology and Sociology 2612 - Lesson 1

psychology

the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes

sociology

the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society

Hippocrates (460-377 BC)

postulated a theory of "humors" that account for the basic human activity

Hippocrates

believed that four temperaments form personality

1. Sanguine (Cheerful and Active)

2. Melancholic (Sad)

3. Choleric (Angry and Aggressive)

4. Phlegmatic (Calm and Passive)

what are the four temperaments that Hippocrates believed form personality?

Plato (427-347 BC)

first person in history to produce a great all-embracing system of philosophy; argued that the soul has three parts or components

1. Reason

2. Spirit

3. Appetite

the three parts or components Plato believed make up the soul:

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

he is credited with developing the first systematic treatment of psychology; introduced the succession of ideas

Succession of Ideas

this theory posits that ideas are generated in consciousness based on four principles

1. Contiguity

2. Similarity

3. Contrast

4. Succession

theory that posits that ideas are generated in consciousness based on these four principles:

Alcmaeon

- performed the first dissection

- believed that thoughts and sensations occur in the brain

- known as the "Father of Greek Medicine"

Structuralism

focused on the fundamental elements that form the foundations of thinking, consciousness, emotions and other kinds of mental states and activities; primarily used a procedure called introspection* in order to study the mind

Functionalism

an approach concerned with what the mind does; the functions of mental activity, and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments

Gestalt

an approach that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception

Cognitive

focuses on how people know, understand, and think about the world; attempts to describe the patterns and regularities of the operation of our mind

Cognitive

the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

Behavioral Model

focuses on the overt observable behavior

Psychoanalytic

this approach concentrates on the belief that behavior is motivated by inner forces over which individuals have very little control

Humanistic Model

suggests people as individuals are in control of their lives

Behavioral

the study of the connection between our minds and our behaviors; theory suggests that environment shapes human behavior

Clinical

the branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and psychological problems

Cognitive Psychology

the branch of psychology that explores the operation mental processes related to perceiving, attending, thinking, language and memory, mainly through inferences in behavior

Counseling

professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods

Psychoanalysis

focus on how things we are not aware of can cause us to act in ways that feel out of our control

Educational

focus on how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings like classrooms

Industrial Psychology

focus on the behavior of employees in the workplace

Social Psychology

the branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual

Physiological Psychology

focus is on studying the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior

Psychologist

a professional who studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional and social processes and behaviors

Psychiatrist

a medical doctor who specialized in mental health, and physical aspects of psychological problems

Psychoanalyst

licensed professional that uses assessments, counseling, and psychotherapy to address metal conditions that influence behavior and personality

Psychotherapist

a professional that uses talk therapy to treat people for emotional problems and mental illnesses

mental illness

a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual; reflects an underlying psychobiological dysfunction

healthy

the optimal state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmary

1. Anxiety Disorders

2. Mood Disorders

3. Psychotic Disorders

4. Dementia

5. Eating Disorders

the five most common mental disorders in the U.S.:

- Structuralism

- Functionalism

- Gestalt

- Cognitive

- Behavioral Model

- Psychoanalytic

- Humanistic Model

the seven schools of thought: