Micro FINAL pt 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)

_______________________ is a highly antibiotic resistant nosocomial can be found in immunocomprimised burn victims and HIV pts

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

What is the causitive agent of MRSA

B. Bacteriostatic

_______________ inhibits growth

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

A. Bactericidal

_____________kills bacteria

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

fungi

protozoa

virus

algae

helminths (worms)

bacteria

name the 6 primary organisms study in microbiology

prokaryote

a ____________ is a unicellular simple organism that lacks a nucleus and does not have membrane bound organelles

eukaryote

a _________ is a multicellular complex organism that has a true nucleus and has membrane bound organelles

spontaneous generation

___________ is the hypothesis stating that life can come from non-living things such a flies in manure

0.2

the limit of resolution for a light microscope is ____

B. Light

limit of resolution uses a __________ microscope

A. Electron

B. Light

unicellular

bacteria and protozoa are considered to be _____cellular microorganisms

multi

fungi is considered to be a ______cellular microorganisms

acellular

viruses are considered to be __cellular organisms

microorganisms

most ____________________ are difficult to destroy

• small (only can be viewed by microscope)

• can be either eukaryotic(complex) or prokaryotic(simple)

• EX: fungi protozoa algae bacteria helminths(worms) and viruses

• are difficult to destroy

characteristics of microorganisms (flashcard)

toal

objective x the ocular lens will equal to the ________ magnification

resolution

___________ is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects from one another

A. Scanning (SEM)

which electron microscopy shows 3D surface features of a specimen such as cila

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

B. Transmission (TEM)

which electron microscopy transmits electrons through a specimen and shows its inner parts

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

inoculation

incubation

isolation

inspection

information gathering

identification

what are the 6 I’s used to culture microbes

inocculation

___________ is the process of introducing microbes into a culture so that it reproduces

isolation

_____________ is the separating one species of microorganism from another

incubation

___________is the step in culturing microbes that allows growth

inspection

______________ consists of looking for a pure or mixed culture as well as contaminants

one

a pure culture in a culturing microbes consists of ________ species of microorganisms

multiple

a mixed culture consists of how _________ species of microorganisms

information gathering

the determination of biochemical traits, immunological testing and genetic typing is referred to as __________________ in the 6 I’s

identification

using information gathered from inspection and investigation to attatch a name to a microbe is called ________________

5,2,3,6,1,4

put the 6 I’s of culturing microorganisms in chronological order

Identification

1. information gathering

2. isolation

3. incubation

4. identification

5. inoculation

6. inspection

A. Acidic dye

which dye anionic and has a negatively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

B. Basic dye

which dye is cationic and has a positively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

negative

the net charge on a bacterium’s surface is ____________

negatively

in positive staining surfaces of microbes are __________ charged and attracts basic dyes

negative

in __________ staining the microbe repels the dye and the dye stains the background

positive

basic dyes are positive and can be used for __________ staining

Larger

__________ wavelengths are going to decrease your resolution

Smaller

____________wavelengths will increase your resolution (what we want)

glycocalyx

fimbriae

pili

flagella

name the 4 external structures that can be on a bacteria cell

glycocalyx

the surface coating on a bacteria that can be a slime layer or capsule is called a ____________

protect cells from dehydration

inhibit killing from WBC

attachment formation of biofilms

glycocalyx function (flashcard)

fimbriae

________ is fine proteinaceous hair like bristles emerging from cell surface that promotes adhesion to other cells/surfaces

pili

a rigid tubular structure made of pilin protien that can only be found in gram-negative cells and aids in the transfer of DNA through conjugation is called _____________

flagellar

____________ is the appendage the uses locomotion to guide bacteria in a direction in response to external stimuli

periplasmic flagellar

__________________ is internal flagellar enclosed between the outer sheath and the cell wall peptidoglycan layer

positive

a thick peptidoglycan layer is found in gram __________ cell walls

A. Lipoteichoic

gram positive cell walls have _____________ acids attached to lipids and contributes a net neg charge to the bacterium

A. Lipoteichoic acids

B. Lipopolysaccharides

negative

A thin peptidoglycan layer is found in gram ___________ cell walls

gram negative

which gram cell wall has a outer membrane

cell wall/membrane

the gram ___________ or ______________ is what contributes to the over all negative charge of the bacterium’s surface whether its gram positive or gram negative

negative

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can be found in the cell wall of a gram _____________ bacterium

postive

the periplasmic space in a gram ______________ wall is narrow

negative

the periplasmic space in a gram ______________ wall is extensive

positive

molecules can easily penetrate through gram _____________ cell walls

negative

molecules have a harder time penetrating through gram ______________ cell walls

wall and membrane

The cell envelope consists of what 2 layers the cell ________ and ________ which helps maintain integrity

virulence

some bacterial structures and process serve as __________ factors for the organism which is the a extremely severe pathogenic (disease causing)

pyrogens

a characteristic of lipopolysaccharides(endotoxin) is that they have __________ which can induce fevers

2,4,3,1

what is the CIAS of gram staining number in chronological order

1. counterstain: safranin

2. primary stain: crystal violet

3. decolorizer: alcohol

4. mordant: iodine

ribosome

the ___________ is the site for synthetization of proteins

slime layer

a _________ layer is one of the 2 types of glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall