Micro FINAL pt 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)

_ is a highly antibiotic resistant nosocomial can be found in immunocomprimised burn victims and HIV pts

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

What is the causitive agent of MRSA

B. Bacteriostatic

_ inhibits growth

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

A. Bactericidal

_kills bacteria

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

fungi

protozoa

virus

algae

helminths (worms)

bacteria

name the 6 primary organisms study in microbiology

prokaryote

a is a unicellular simple organism that lacks a nucleus and does not have membrane bound organelles

eukaryote

a _ is a multicellular complex organism that has a true nucleus and has membrane bound organelles

spontaneous generation

___ is the hypothesis stating that life can come from non-living things such a flies in manure

0.2

the limit of resolution for a light microscope is ____

B. Light

limit of resolution uses a __ microscope

A. Electron

B. Light

unicellular

==bacteria and protozoa== are considered to be _cellular microorganisms

multi

fungi is considered to be a cellular microorganisms

acellular

viruses are considered to be __cellular organisms

microorganisms

most are difficult to destroy

• small (only can be viewed by microscope)

• can be either eukaryotic(complex) or prokaryotic(simple)

• EX: fungi protozoa algae bacteria helminths(worms) and viruses

• are difficult to destroy

characteristics of microorganisms (flashcard)

toal

objective x the ocular lens will equal to the magnification

resolution

___ is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects from one another

A. Scanning (SEM)

which electron microscopy shows 3D surface features of a specimen such as cila

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

B. Transmission (TEM)

which electron microscopy transmits electrons through a specimen and shows its inner parts

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

inoculation

incubation

isolation

inspection

information gathering

identification

what are the 6 I’s used to culture microbes

inocculation

___ is the process of introducing microbes into a culture so that it reproduces

isolation

_ is the separating one species of microorganism from another

incubation

___is the step in culturing microbes that allows growth

inspection

consists of looking for a pure or mixed culture as well as contaminants

one

a pure culture in a culturing microbes consists of species of microorganisms

multiple

a mixed culture consists of how _ species of microorganisms

information gathering

the determination of biochemical traits, immunological testing and genetic typing is referred to as ____ in the 6 I’s

identification

using information gathered from inspection and investigation to attatch a name to a microbe is called __

5,2,3,6,1,4

put the 6 I’s of culturing microorganisms in chronological order

Identification

1. information gathering
2. isolation
3. incubation
4. identification
5. inoculation
6. inspection

A. Acidic dye

which dye anionic and has a negatively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

B. Basic dye

which dye is cationic and has a positively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

negative

the net charge on a bacterium’s surface is

negatively

in positive staining surfaces of microbes are __ charged and _attracts_ basic dyes

negative

in __ staining the microbe repels the dye and the dye _stains the background_

positive

basic dyes are positive and can be used for __ staining

Larger

__ wavelengths are going to decrease your resolution

Smaller

wavelengths will increase your resolution (what we want)

glycocalyx

fimbriae

pili

flagella

name the 4 external structures that can be on a bacteria cell

glycocalyx

the surface coating on a bacteria that can be a slime layer or capsule is called a

protect cells from dehydration

inhibit killing from WBC

attachment formation of biofilms

glycocalyx function (flashcard)

fimbriae

is fine proteinaceous hair like bristles emerging from cell surface that promotes adhesion to other cells/surfaces

pili

a rigid tubular structure made of pilin protien that can $only$ be $found in gram-negative cells$ and aids in the transfer of DNA through conjugation is called _

flagellar

is the appendage the uses locomotion to guide bacteria in a direction in response to external stimuli

periplasmic flagellar

____ is internal flagellar enclosed between the outer sheath and the cell wall peptidoglycan layer

positive

a thick peptidoglycan layer is found in gram __ cell walls

A. Lipoteichoic

gram positive cell walls have _ acids attached to lipids and contributes a net neg charge to the bacterium

A. Lipoteichoic acids

B. Lipopolysaccharides

negative

A thin peptidoglycan layer is found in gram ___ cell walls

gram negative

which gram cell wall has a outer membrane

cell wall/membrane

the gram ___ or ______ is what contributes to the over all negative charge of the bacterium’s surface whether its gram positive or gram negative

negative

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can be found in the cell wall of a gram _ bacterium

postive

the periplasmic space in a gram wall is narrow

negative

the periplasmic space in a gram wall is extensive

positive

molecules can easily penetrate through gram _ cell walls

negative

molecules have a harder time penetrating through gram cell walls

wall and membrane

The cell envelope consists of what 2 layers the cell and which helps maintain integrity

virulence

some bacterial structures and process serve as __ factors for the organism which is the a extremely severe pathogenic (disease causing)

pyrogens

a characteristic of lipopolysaccharides(endotoxin) is that they have __ which can induce fevers

2,4,3,1

what is the CIAS of gram staining number in chronological order

1. counterstain: safranin
2. primary stain: crystal violet
3. decolorizer: alcohol
4. mordant: iodine

ribosome

the ___ is the site for synthetization of proteins

slime layer

a _ layer is one of the 2 types of glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall