Micro FINAL pt 1

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)*

*_______________________* is a highly antibiotic resistant **nosocomial** can be found in **immunocomprimised burn victims and HIV pts**

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

What is the causitive agent of MRSA

B. Bacteriostatic

_______________ inhibits growth

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

A. Bactericidal

_____________kills bacteria

A. Bactericidal

B. Bacteriostatic

fungi

protozoa

virus

algae

helminths (worms)

bacteria

name the 6 primary organisms study in microbiology

prokaryote

a ____________ is a unicellular simple organism that lacks a nucleus and does **not** have membrane bound organelles

eukaryote

a _________ is a multicellular complex organism that has a true nucleus and **has** membrane bound organelles

spontaneous generation

___________ is the hypothesis stating that life can come from non-living things such a flies in manure

0\.2

the limit of resolution for a light microscope is ____

B. Light

limit of resolution uses a __________ microscope

A. Electron

B. Light

unicellular

==**bacteria and protozoa**== are considered to be _____cellular microorganisms

multi

fungi is considered to be a ______cellular microorganisms

acellular

viruses are considered to be __cellular organisms

microorganisms

most ____________________ are difficult to destroy

* small (only can be viewed by microscope)


* can be either eukaryotic(complex) or prokaryotic(simple)
* EX: fungi protozoa algae bacteria helminths(worms) and viruses
* are difficult to destroy

characteristics of microorganisms (flashcard)

toal

objective x the ocular lens will equal to the ________ magnification

resolution

___________ is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects from one another

A. Scanning (SEM)

which electron microscopy shows 3D surface features of a specimen such as cila

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

B. Transmission (TEM)

which electron microscopy transmits electrons through a specimen and shows its inner parts

A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

inoculation

incubation

isolation

inspection

information gathering

identification

what are the 6 I’s used to culture microbes

inocculation

___________ is the process of introducing microbes into a culture so that it reproduces

isolation

_____________ is the separating one species of microorganism from another

incubation

___________is the step in culturing microbes that allows growth

inspection

______________ consists of looking for a pure or mixed culture as well as contaminants

one

a pure culture in a culturing microbes consists of ________ species of microorganisms

multiple

a mixed culture consists of how _________ species of microorganisms

information gathering

the determination of biochemical traits, immunological testing and genetic typing is referred to as __________________ in the 6 I’s

identification

using information gathered from inspection and investigation to attatch a name to a microbe is called ________________

5,2,3,6,1,4

put the 6 I’s of culturing microorganisms in chronological order

Identification


1. information gathering
2. isolation
3. incubation
4. identification
5. inoculation
6. inspection

A. Acidic dye

which dye anionic and has a negatively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

B. Basic dye

which dye is ca**t**ionic and has a positively charged chromophore (gives dye its color)

A. Acidic dye

B. Basic dye

negative

the net charge on a bacterium’s surface is ____________

negatively

in **positive** staining surfaces of microbes are __________ charged and __**attracts**__ basic dyes

negative

in __________ staining the microbe repels the dye and the dye __**stains the background**__

positive

basic dyes are positive and can be used for __________ staining

Larger

__________ wavelengths are going to **decrease** your resolution

Smaller

____________wavelengths will **increase** your resolution (what we want)

glycocalyx

fimbriae

pili

flagella

name the 4 external structures that can be on a bacteria cell

glycocalyx

the surface coating on a bacteria that can be a slime layer or capsule is called a ____________

protect cells from dehydration

inhibit killing from WBC

attachment formation of biofilms

glycocalyx function (flashcard)

fimbriae

________ is fine proteinaceous hair like bristles emerging from cell surface that promotes adhesion to other cells/surfaces

pili

a rigid tubular structure made of pilin protien that can **only** be **found in gram-negative cells** and aids in the transfer of DNA through conjugation is called _____________

flagellar

____________ is the appendage the uses locomotion to guide bacteria in a direction in response to external stimuli

periplasmic flagellar

__________________ is internal flagellar enclosed between the outer sheath and the cell wall peptidoglycan layer

positive

a thick **peptidoglycan** layer is found in gram __________ **cell walls**

A. Lipoteichoic

gram positive cell walls have _____________ acids attached to lipids and **contributes a net neg charge to the bacterium**

A. Lipoteichoic acids

B. Lipopolysaccharides

negative

A thin peptidoglycan layer is found in gram ___________ cell walls

gram negative

which gram cell wall has a outer membrane

**cell wall/membrane**

the gram ___________ or ______________ is what contributes to the over all negative charge of the bacterium’s surface whether its gram positive or gram negative

negative

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can be found **in the cell wall** of a gram _____________ bacterium

\

postive

the periplasmic space in a gram ______________ wall is narrow

negative

the periplasmic space in a gram ______________ wall is extensive

positive

molecules can easily penetrate through gram _____________ cell walls

negative

molecules have a harder time penetrating through gram ______________ cell walls

wall and membrane

The cell envelope consists of what 2 layers the cell ________ and ________ which helps maintain integrity

virulence

some bacterial structures and process serve as __________ factors for the organism which is the a extremely severe pathogenic (disease causing)

pyrogens

a characteristic of lipopolysaccharides(endotoxin) is that they have __________ which can induce fevers

2,4,3,1

what is the CIAS of gram staining number in chronological order


1. counterstain: safranin
2. primary stain: crystal violet
3. decolorizer: alcohol
4. mordant: iodine

ribosome

the ___________ is the site for synthetization of proteins

slime layer

a _________ layer is one of the 2 types of glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall