AP Human Geography Unit 3

APHuG Pre-Exam Cram

acculturation

transfer of customs and values from one group to another

artifact

physical manifestation of culture

assimilation

minority groups embrace prominent culture, sometimes by force

built environment

man-made surroundings that provide setting for human activity

creole

language with mixed influences

creolization

process of mixing cultural traits

cultural convergence

one mass culture rather than individual cultures

cultural landscape

visible impact of human activity on the physical environment

cultural relativism

evaluating a culture by its own standards to humanize a cultural group

culture

sum of the human experience by a group of people living together

culture trait

elements formed through social interaction that are transmitted or communicated in some form

dialect

regional interpretation of a language

ethnic neighborhood

area of a city home to mainly 1 ethnic group

ethnocentrism

evaluation of a culture through your own standards, can lead to xenophobia

expansion diffusion

cultural aspects or values spread beyond the host culture while remaining strong among them

gendered space

space reserved for a specific gender

globalization

interdependence between world economies, markets, societies, and cultures

glocalization

adaptation of international products to suit local contexts

hierarchical diffusion

starts at the top and spreads down the hierarchy

isoloss

boundary separating language regions

language branch

collection of languages descended from a common ancestor

language family

several languages and dialects with similar roots

lingua franca

most mutually understood language in a society

material culture

things that have been made and given value to

mentifact

values and ideas in a culture that influence behavior

multiculturalism

cultural diversity due to immigration

orthography

method of representing sounds with symbols

pidgin

simplified means of communication where there is no common language

pilgrimage

journey to an unknown, foreign place to understand oneself, nature, truth, etc.

placelessness

phenomenon that occurs when a place loses its uniqueness

relocation diffusion

ideas spread through physical movement

sequent occupance

evidence of groups leaving their mark on a place

sociofact

structures in a culture that influence behavior

stimulus diffusion

when an idea partially spreads

syncretism

attempted fusion of culture

toponym

name of a place