carpal pathology

the palmar aspect of the carpus is the _____ side of the joint while the dorsal aspect is the __________ side

• tension

• compression

What carpal ligamentous injuries can afflict animals

• carpal hyperextension

• collateral ligament injury

• carpal laxity syndrome

damage to the ___________ and ____________ can results in carpal hyperextension

• flexor retinaculum

• palmar fibrocartilage

The conditions to cause carpal hyperextension can come from what 3 sources

• trauma

• degenerative

• immune mediated arthropathies

carpal hyperextension can affect what joints

• antebrachiocarpal joint

• middle carpal joint

• carpometacarpal joint

The best way to diagnose carpal hyperextension is through ___________ and confirmation with a __________ in a ______ view

• physical examination

• radiograph

• stressed

_________ is relatively rare in isolation due to its __________ causes and results swelling over the carpus

• collateral ligament injury

• traumatic

pain on valugus stress means the ______ collateral ligament is damaged

medial

pain on varus stress means the ______ collateral ligament is damaged

lateral

the best way to diagnose collateral ligament injury is with a _________ and confirmation with __________ in a ______ view

• physical examination

• radiograph

• stress

Radiographs of carpal ligament injuries confirm what 2 things

• level affected

• concurrent injuries

__________ occurs in young puppies and affects all parts of the carpal bone

carpal laxity syndrome

Carpal laxity syndrome results in what?

• hyperextension

• hyperflexion

• flexural deformity

To prevent and treat carpal laxity syndrome what should be done?

• exercise

• appropriate diet

• avoid slippery floors