The Brain and Behavior & Emotion

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43 Terms

1

Behavioral neuroscience/biological psychology

The study of the brain and behavior.

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2

Hindbrain

Controls basic functions of life.

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3

Medulla

A region of the brain that adjoins the spinal cord and controls breathing, blood circulation, and balance.

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4

Pons

Controls attentiveness and timing of sleep.

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5

Reticular formation

A network of nerves extending from the spinal cord that plays a role in circulation, respiration, digestion, pain modulation, sleep, and consciousness.

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6

Midbrain

Regulates our experience of pain, mood, and shapes motivation.

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7

Cerebellum

Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, and also judges time and modulates emotions.

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8

Forebrain

Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex.

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9

Thalamus

Involved in sleep, wakefulness, and relaying sensory signals.

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10

Hypothalamus

Involved in eating, drinking, and sexual activity.

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11

Amygdala

Plays a role in emotional activity.

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12

Hippocampus

Plays a role in learning, memory, spatial orientation, and creating new memories.

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13

Cerebral cortex

Involved in every thought and perception, as well as understanding language and constructing experience.

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14

Longitudinal fissure

A deep groove that runs along the middle of the cortex, separating the brain.

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15

Corpus callosum

Transfers information between both hemispheres of the brain.

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16

Prefrontal cortex

Involved in planning, decision making, mood, personality, and self-awareness.

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17

Neurons

Communication cells in the brain and spinal cord.

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18

Dendrites

Receives signals from other neurons.

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19

Cell Body

Contains the neuron nucleus and all elements needed for metabolic activities.

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20

Axon

Receives signals and sends them out to other parts.

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21

Glia

Provides nourishment to neurons and controls nutrient supply; involved in brain development.

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22

Action potential

Neurons' main response to input and the fundamental information carrier.

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23

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential; used for functions when we are awake.

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24

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential; used to induce sleep.

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25

Agonists

Drugs that produce a specific action and trigger the receptor to produce a natural response.

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26

Antagonists

Drugs that block or oppose the natural action or response of a receptor.

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27

Degeneracy

Many combinations of neurons make one specific action.

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28

Core system

One to many relationships in neural connections.

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29

Brain components

  • Brain structure 

  • Action potential

  • Neurochemicals

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30

Brain

Left and right hemisphere 

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31

Brain hemispheres

control muscles and processes sensory information on the opposite side

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32

Left side of brain

logic

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33

Right side of brain

creativity

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34

Roger Wolcott Sperry

created theory of right and left side of the brain, but not absolute

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35

Brain lateralization

each side of the brain has different functions

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36

James-Lange Theory

feelings follow our bodily reactions to external situations

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37

Cannon-Bard Theory

our physiological responses to emotions are quite general

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38

Classical View

  • Emotions are built from birth

  • Unique neuronal pathways generate them

  • Universally felt and recognized

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39

Display rules

Rules about what emotions are appropriate to show in a situation

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40

Emotion

  • Physical properties of the body

  • Flexible brain

  • Culture and upbringing

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41

Emotion regulation means influence

  • Type of emotion

  • Timing of emotion

  • Expression of emotion

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42

Expression of emotions

  • Body posture

  • Voice

  • Context

  • Experience

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43

Circumplex Model of Affect

Idea that any of the emotions you might feel are expressed on a spectrum and is a combination of valence, positive or negative, and arousal, excited or not excited

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