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Behavioral neuroscience/biological psychology
The study of the brain and behavior.
Hindbrain
Controls basic functions of life.
Medulla
A region of the brain that adjoins the spinal cord and controls breathing, blood circulation, and balance.
Pons
Controls attentiveness and timing of sleep.
Reticular formation
A network of nerves extending from the spinal cord that plays a role in circulation, respiration, digestion, pain modulation, sleep, and consciousness.
Midbrain
Regulates our experience of pain, mood, and shapes motivation.
Cerebellum
Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, and also judges time and modulates emotions.
Forebrain
Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex.
Thalamus
Involved in sleep, wakefulness, and relaying sensory signals.
Hypothalamus
Involved in eating, drinking, and sexual activity.
Amygdala
Plays a role in emotional activity.
Hippocampus
Plays a role in learning, memory, spatial orientation, and creating new memories.
Cerebral cortex
Involved in every thought and perception, as well as understanding language and constructing experience.
Longitudinal fissure
A deep groove that runs along the middle of the cortex, separating the brain.
Corpus callosum
Transfers information between both hemispheres of the brain.
Prefrontal cortex
Involved in planning, decision making, mood, personality, and self-awareness.
Neurons
Communication cells in the brain and spinal cord.
Dendrites
Receives signals from other neurons.
Cell Body
Contains the neuron nucleus and all elements needed for metabolic activities.
Axon
Receives signals and sends them out to other parts.
Glia
Provides nourishment to neurons and controls nutrient supply; involved in brain development.
Action potential
Neurons' main response to input and the fundamental information carrier.
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential; used for functions when we are awake.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential; used to induce sleep.
Agonists
Drugs that produce a specific action and trigger the receptor to produce a natural response.
Antagonists
Drugs that block or oppose the natural action or response of a receptor.
Degeneracy
Many combinations of neurons make one specific action.
Core system
One to many relationships in neural connections.
Brain components
Brain structure
Action potential
Neurochemicals
Brain
Left and right hemisphere
Brain hemispheres
control muscles and processes sensory information on the opposite side
Left side of brain
logic
Right side of brain
creativity
Roger Wolcott Sperry
created theory of right and left side of the brain, but not absolute
Brain lateralization
each side of the brain has different functions
James-Lange Theory
feelings follow our bodily reactions to external situations
Cannon-Bard Theory
our physiological responses to emotions are quite general
Classical View
Emotions are built from birth
Unique neuronal pathways generate them
Universally felt and recognized
Display rules
Rules about what emotions are appropriate to show in a situation
Emotion
Physical properties of the body
Flexible brain
Culture and upbringing
Emotion regulation means influence
Type of emotion
Timing of emotion
Expression of emotion
Expression of emotions
Body posture
Voice
Context
Experience
Circumplex Model of Affect
Idea that any of the emotions you might feel are expressed on a spectrum and is a combination of valence, positive or negative, and arousal, excited or not excited