Physio; TISSUES

Histology

The study of tissues

Epithelial • Connective • Muscular • Neural

what are the 4 basic tissue types

Tissues

are collections of cells and extracellular material that perform a specific but limited range of functions

cells -- tissues -- organs -- organ system

enumerate the corect order of orientation of the tissues of body from smallest to largest

Epithelial

this tissue type cover exposed surfaces

Epithelial

this tissue type is the line internal passageways and chambers

Epithelial

produce glandular secretions

Connective

this tissue type fills internal spaces

Connective

this tissue type provides structural support and stores energy

Muscle

his tissue contracts to produce active movement

Neural

this tissue conducts electrical impluses and carries information

Epithelial

An avascular layer of cells that forms a barrier that covers internal or external surfaces

glands

secretory structures derived from epithelial

Epithelial

glands are secretory structures dervied from what tissue

Epithelial

this tissue type have cells that are closely packed

Epithelial

a tissue that have apical cells exposed to external or internal surface

Epithelial

tissue type wherein cells are attached to basement membrance

Epithelial

a tissue type that lacks blood vessels and where cells are continually replaced

Epithelial

this tissue type functions as a physical protection, and for permeability control

Epithelial

this tissue type functions as seansation trigger and for specialized secretions

• Physical protection

• Permeability control

• Sensation trigger

• Specialized secretions

give the functions of epithelial tissue

Epithelial

this tissue type has two classes of glandular secretion: exocrine and endocrine

exocrine and endocrine

what are the Two Classes of Glandular Secretion

Exocrine secretion

Secretion onto a body surface

Endocrine secretion

—Secretion (of hormones) into neighboring tissues and blood

Intercellular Connections

are specialized contact points between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells

Cell adhesion molecules

Molecules that help cells attach to and interact with other cells.

Cell junctions

Structures that connect neighboring cells.

Tight junctions

Cell junctions that form a seal between adjacent cells.

Gap junctions

Cell junctions that allow direct communication between neighboring cells.

Desmosomes

Cell junctions that provide strong mechanical attachment between cells.

this tissue type has intercellular connections )cell adhesion mol and cell junctions)

Microvilli, Cilia

epithelial tissue have two distinct structures which are:?

Microvilli

Abundant on transport cells and Dramatically increase surface area

Microvilli

Found in intestinal lining, kidney tubules

Cilia

Beat in coordinated fashion; Move fluid along surface; Found in airways, oviduct

Basement Membrane

Noncellular meshwork anchors basal cells

Basement Membrane

Underlies all epithelia • Hemidesmosomes attach basal cells

Basement Membrane

Resists passage of large molecules • Strengthens against distortion

Epithelial

this tissue type’s exposure shortens cell life and needs constant repair and replacement

Epithelial

this tissue’s stem cells undergo mitosis, and it grows up from base

no. of layers, cell shape

what are the two types in classifying epithelia

simple

refers to the layer to epithelia which is one cell thick

stratified

refers to the layer to epithelia which is multiple cell thick

squamous

refers to the cell shape of epithelia which is flat

cuboidal

refers to the cell shape of epithelia which is cubic

columnar

refers to the cell shape of epithelia which is tall columns

glandular epithelia

this has three secretion mechanisms: merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

glandular epithelia has three secretion mechanisms:

merocrine

refers to the Exocytosis of vesicles; ex: secretion in salivary gland

aporcine

refers to the Release of apical cytoplasm; ex: secretion in mammary gland

holocrine

refers to the burst of entire contents, ex: secretion in sebaceous gland

Connective

A tissue composed of specialized cells, extracellular matrix, protein fibers, and a fluid phase called the ground substance

Connective

this tissue functions in structural framework, and fluid and solute transport

Connective

this tissue functions in physical ptrotection and tissue interconnection

Connective

this tissue functions as fat storage and microorganism defense

• Structural framework

• Fluid and solute transport

• Physical protection

• Tissue interconnection

• Fat storage

• Microorganism defense

what are the functions of connective tissues

Connective

this tissue is classified into three major categories based on the nature of its extracellular matrix and function

Connective tissue proper • Fluid connective tissues • Supporting connective tissues

connective tissue is classified into three major categories:

Connective tissue proper

this category in connective tissue Contains varied cell populations and fiber types surrounded by a syrupy ground substance

Connective tissue proper

Connective tissue consisting of resident and migrating cells, including fibroblasts, macrophages, fat cells, and mast cells, along with protein fibers such as collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

Connective tissue proper

this connective tissue has three types: loose, adipose, dense

Loose connective tissue

Example: beneath dermis of skin

Adipose tissue

Example: “love handles”

Dense connective tissue

Examples: dermis, tendons, ligaments

Fluid Connective Tissues

this type of connective tissue refers to Cells + a liquid ground substance

blood, lymph

Fluid Connective Tissues contains what

Supporting Connective Tissue

this type of connective tissue suports the body and include bone and cartilage

bone, cartilage

Supporting Connective Tissue includes what

Bone

Osteocytes + collagen + calcium salts

Cartilage

Chondrocytes + firm gel

Cartilage

• Avascular • Covered by a fibrous perichondrium

• Hyaline cartilage

• Elastic cartilage

• Fibrocartilage

what are the 3 types of cartilage

Bone

Matrix provides unique properties such as:

• Collagen fibers resist bending

• Calcium salts resist compression

Bone

Diffusion through canaliculi nourishes osteocytes; Covered by periosteum

Mucous

Lines cavities that connect to exterior; moistens surface; ex: oral cavity, airways

Serous

Line internal cavities; Watery fluid moistens surface; ex: peritoneal membrane

Cutaneous

Covers body surface; Dry surface waterproofs the body; Example: the skin

Synovial

Lines joints • Secretes slippery synovial fluid • Lubricates joints; ex; elbow, knee

Muscle

this tissue is capable of contraction and has two typef of filaments: actin, myosin

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

what are the three types of mucle tissue:

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Contains elongated cells (fibers) • Fibers tied together by loose connective tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Possesses microscopic striations • Contains many nuclei

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Controlled by voluntary nervous system • Moves and stabilizes the skeleton

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Only in heart • Short, branched fibers • Single nucleus

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Striated • Involuntary contraction • Blood circulation • Blood pressure

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Short, tapering cells • No striations • Involuntary contraction

Neural

this tissue includes neurons

dendrites

information entry

cell body

information integration

axon (nerve fibers)

information transmission

synaptic terminals

information transfer

Neuroglia

Provide physical support • Maintain extracellular chemistry

Neuroglia

Supply nutrients • Defend against infection

Tissues

__make coordinated response and these Responses restore homeostasis

homeostasis

Tissues make coordinated response and these Responses restore ___

inflammation, restoration

what are the two response types in injuries and repair

Inflammation

The process that isolates the injured area and cleans up damaged tissue.

Inflammation

The four signs of this response are warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. What response shows these signs?

Regeneration

Repair/replacement of damaged tissue • Restoration of tissue functio