Unit 4

medical oncologist

make referral to a ___ if suspect spine tumor

proliferation

cancer is ___ of abnorm cells

local, metastasis

proliferation of cancer cells start ___ at tumor site then ___ thru lymphatic/vascular systems

prostate, lung/bronchus, colon/rectum

3 most common cancers for men (21, 14, 8%)

lung/bronchus, prostate, colon/rectum

3 most deadly cancers for men

breast, lung/bronchus, colon/rectum

3 most common cancers for women (29, 13, 8%)

lung/bronchus, breast, colon/rectum

3 most deadly cancers for women

age, ethnicity, hereditary, diet, env

5 categories of cancer risk factors

>50

age w/ higher risk for cancer

45

avg age for breast cancer

20-40

avg age for testicular cancer

55

avg age for ovarian cancer

<20

avg age for bone cancer

BRCA

hereditary risk test for breast cancer and ovarian cancer

colon cancer

high consumption of processed meats increase risk for ___

env

risk factors: pollutant, alcohol, tobacco

cancer clusters

communities w/ high prevalence of cancer

lymphoma

weed killers can cause ___

carcinoma

epithelial tissue cancer (organs/tissue lining; GI tract, stomach, lungs)

lymph system 

carcinoma metastasize initially via ___

GI tract, stomach, lungs

carcinoma affected organs

sarcoma

cancer of CT (bone, m, cart)

blood 

sarcomas metastasis via ___

leukemia, multi myeloma, lymphoma

3 types of blood/lymph cancers

personal hx of cancer

most important sign to look for w/ cancer

personal hx of cancer

metastases can occur as late as 20 yrs post dx

CAUTION

risk factor assessment

change in bowel/bladder

CAUTION: C

a sore doesn’t heal (6 wks)

CAUTION: A

unusual bleed/discharge

CAUTION: U

thick/lump soft tissue

CAUTION: T

indigestion/difficulty swallowing

CAUTION: I

obvious change in wart/mole

CAUTION: O

nagging cough/hoarseness

CAUTION: N

fatigue, nausea

leukemia sxs

2-4, over 65

acute leukemia age range

acute

leukemia w/ rapid onset (more challenging to overcome)

25-60

chronic leukemia age range

chronic

leukemia due to increase in WBCs that crowds in bone marrow

lymphoma

lymphatic system cancer

swollen/hard lymph nodes, wt loss, fatigue

signs of lymphoma

avg 60

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma age

15-24, >60

hodgkin’s lymphoma age

non-hodgkin’s

more common type of lymphoma

epitrochlear lymph node

cup pt elbow in hand and palpate just above the elbow along inside of arm

large/tender

when inflamed, nodes become ___ (sign of infection or neoplasm)

neoplasm

can present hard and non-tender but palpation should be interpreted w/ caution

axillary lymph node

passively ABD arm 45°, place hand flat into axilla, gently palpate circular motion

size, firmness, quantity, pain, mobility, change over time

notes to take if lymph nodes are palpable

>1cm, pathologic

lymph node size ___ is usually ___

malignant

hard lymph nodes are usually ___

pathologic

multi lymph nodes are usually ___

inflam (infection)

pain when palpating lymph nodes may indicate ___

malignancy

nodes that are fixed and attach to each other or adjacent structures indicate ___

tender lymph nodes

indicates infection to some °

non-tender, swollen/hard lymph nodes

indicates potentially a carcinoma