Livestock ID

What 3 things are needed for each lab?

clipboard, long pants, and rubber boots

If you are absent, you must send the professor an excuse by how many days?

3 school days from absence

How does Biosecurity protect the food supply?

by keeping diseases away from animals, people, and property

Biosecurity can also protect:

neighboring farms, employees, and consumers

Biosecurity helps to:

eliminate or control diseases that are already present on the farm

What is the planning part of Biosecurity?

Creating a plan that addresses all known routes of disease transmission

What is the preventative care part of Biosecurity?

Regular veterinary care, vaccines

What is the sanitation part of Biosecurity?

Cleaning and disinfecting equipment, boots, coveralls, and other items

What is the traffic control part of Biosecurity?

Limiting the number of visitors and controlling their movement on the farm

On days we go out to the farm, it is a good idea to bring:

an extra change of clean clothes

How can biosecurity be implemented on the farm?

• Wear clean coveralls and boots when handling animals, feed, soil, or manure

• Clean and disinfect sampling equipment between uses

• Remove coveralls and place them in a clean bag or container before re-entering your vehicle

• Use disinfectants to clean livestock housing, equipment, and vehicles

What is another name for Avian Influenza?

Bird Flu

What is Bird Flu?

a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds

What is a major threat to the poultry industry, animal health, trade, and the economy worldwide?

Avian Influenza

How can the avian influenza vary?

varies in severity depending on the strain and species affect

Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) strains typically cause:

few or no signs or illness

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) strains can cause:

• Sudden death

• lack of energy or appetite

• drop in egg production

• soft- shelled, misshapen eggs

• swelling of eyelids, comb, wattles, and shanks

• purple discoloration of the wattle, comb, and legs,

• grasping for air

• nasal discharge

• coughing

• sneezing

• twisting of the

• head and neck

• stumbling or falling

• diarrhea

Along with humans, Avian Flu can also infect:

dairy cows

How many confirmed total reported human cases of Avian Flu are there in the US?

67

In poultry flocks, Avian Flu is causing:

Sporadic outbreaks

In mammals, Avian Flu is causing:

sporadic infections

What are some common diseases in cattle and bison?

• Bluetongue

• Johne’s Disease

• Brucellosis

• Trichomoniasis

• Bovine Leukemia Virus

• Tuberculosis

• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

• Vesicular Stomatitis

• Exotic Ticks and Flies

• Foot-and-Mouth Disease

What are some common equine diseases?

• African Horse Sickness

• Contagious Equine Metritis

• Equine Herpesvirus

• Equine Infectious Anemia

• Equine Piroplasmosis

• Equine Viral Arteritis

• Vector-Borne Equine Encephalitides

• Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

What are some common swine diseases?

• African Swine Fever

• Classical Swine Fever

• Influenza A Virus in Swine

• Pseudorabies

• Swine Brucellosis

As of Jan 1, 2023, what is required for beef and dairy cattle and bison moving interstate?

RFID ear tags

What does RFID stand for?

Radio Frequency Identification

RFID tags are required in cattle and bison that are:

sexually intact and 18 months or older

RFID tags are required in cattle and bison that are used for:

rodeo or recreational events regardless of age

All female dairy cows must have:

RFID ear tags

Will cattle staying on the farm need to have an RFID tag?

No

What is the 3 digit number on an RFID tag that indicates it’s a USDA number?

840

The USDA requires almost all sheep and lambs to have:

premise identification ear tags before leaving their farm of origin (premise)

For sheep and lambs, how do you read a premise ID tag?

The ear tags carry the owner’s premise identification number (PIN) on one side and other numbers on the other side

How many sheep were identified as infected with scrpies in 2002?

approximately 1 in 500 sheep

In 2021-23, how many sheep tested positive for scrapies?

only 1 in 50,000 sheep

When was the last case of scrapies found?

Jan, 2021

When can the US declare that they are scrapies free?

2028

Hot branding is used on:

cattle, horses, mules and sometimes sheep and goats

When you hot brand, the hair:

does not grow back

What kind of animals is freeze branding used on?

darker coated animals

When you freeze brand, the hair:

grows back, but it grows back white

What are ID methods used for dairy cattle?

• neck chains

• neck ropes

• leg brands (temporary)

Temporary IDs can be used for:

• selling

• breeding

• culling

Bred:

female that has been mated to the male, usually implies the female is pregnant

Breed:

animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species

Dam:

female parent

Weaning:

separating young animals from their dams so that the offspring can no longer suck

Parturition:

process of giving birth

Sire:

male parent

Castrate:

remove testicles, animals that has had testicles removed

Stag:

castrated male that have reached sexually maturity prior to castration

Yearling:

animals that are approximately 1 year old

Colostrum:

first milk given by a female after delivery of her young, high in antibodies that protect young animals from invading microorganisms

Creep:

enclosure in which young can enter to obtain feed but larger animals cannot enter

Longevity:

life span of an animal

Dystocia:

difficult birth

Freemartin:

female born twin to a bull (approximately 9 of 10 will not conceive)

Gestation:

the time from breeding or conception of a female until she gives birth to her young

Service:

to breed or mate

Dry:

nonlactating female

Bolus:

regurgitated food or a large pill for dosing

Cud:

bolus of feed a ruminant animal regurgitates for further chewing

Ration:

the amount of total feed fed to an animal over a 24-hour period

Diet:

feed ingredients or mixture of ingredients which are consumed by animals

How was Avian Flu brought to poultry?

through wild birds

After the lab, you should:

put your clothes in a plastic bag to make sure your car doesn’t get exposed to what you get exposed to

How many days should animals be quarantined for when you bring new animals into your farm?

30-40 days

Which other species could also get Bluetongue?

sheep & goats

Where did Bluetongue come from?

Deer

What does Bluetongue cause?

It’s a circulatory disease & causes the blood to clot and not flow properly

What transfers a lot of equine dieases?

insects

What can help prevent a lot of equine dieases?

vaccines

What are the different types of animal identifications?

tags, tattoos, collars, radio-frequency or electric tags, branding

What is the proper ear tagging method for cattle?

1/3 or in the middle because you don’t want to hit the major veins

Open wounds could cause:

infections and bug/flies could make this worse

What is the name of one of the major companies that uses USDA numbers to make RFID tags?

Allflex

What does scrapies cause?

It’s neurological and causes the sheep to loose the ability to move properly

Why don’t brisket tags in cattle fall out?

it goes through the fat and it won’t come out unless it is ripped out

Why was hot branding used in the past?

used because cattle were such a problem back then to prove that this was their cow and other people couldn’t claim your cow as theirs

All hot brands need to be:

registered and approved

Which species are not branded?

sheep and goats

What is less harsh than hot branding?

freeze branding

What is the main form of identification in rabbits?

tatooing

What can leg brands be used for in cattle?

Can be used to tell if they’re in estrus since cows are walking a lot more than normal it’s a sign that they’re in heat OR Here at MSU red bands identify animals which are being treated with antibiotics

Neck collars can have:

devices attached which can record which cow was milked and how much it gave

Since we are a research university, we need:

hard data recorded

What are feeding trials?

Each animal gets a certain amount of feed and device on collar opens the trough with their specific feed in it and other animals cannot

What is a form of ID in pigs?

ear notching

A notch in the right ear means:

litter number

A notch in the left ear means:

ID number

Notching goes in sets of:

threes

Along with tatooing for certain breeds and branding, what else can be used to ID horses?

microchipping

What can temporary breeding IDs be used for?

Breeding harnesses in males and start with a light color crayon/marker, every 17 days color will be changed – shows which ewes were bred and around when – could show if there was a ewe that was bred again since she didn’t take the first time

Stags can look a little less __ than males which have been castrated young?

masculine

If the babies don’t get colostrum, they:

don’t grow well and are very prone to sickness

Lifespan of horses:

30-40 years

Lifespan of poines:

40ish years

Lifespan of beef cows:

10-12 years

Lifespan of brahman cows:

15-20 years