Politics Class Modernization vs Dependency theory

Modernization Theory

Suggests that social, economic, and political progress occurs through the adoption of modern practices, institutions, and technologies.

Pushes for Technological Advancement

( Pro 1: Modernization Theory) Promotes adopting modern technologies and infrastructure which helps both quality of life of citizens and economically

Encourages Development

( Pro 2: Modernization Theory) Provides a very clear roadmap of sorts for economic growth by putting an emphasis on industrialization, education, and democratic institutions

Institutional Stability

( Pro 3: Modernization Theory) Supports the creation of stable institutions like the government and free markets

One-size-fits-all approach

(Con 1: Modernization Theory) Assumes that all countries can follow the same linear path of development that is held by the modernization theory

The model is very ethnocentric

(Con 2: Modernization Theory)  It assumes that the Western development is universally applicable. Ignores the cultural and historical differences in non-western societies

Ignoes the Structural Inequality Present

(Con 3: Modernization Theory) Fails to consider how global economic structures and historical exploitation contribute to underdevelopment

Dependency Theory

Suggests that underdevelopment is not simply a lack of modernization, but rather a result of historical exploitation and global economic structures (Externally focused) 

Acknowledges Global Inequality

(Pro 1: Dependency Theory) Highlights how historical exploitation, colonialism, and global economic structures contribute to the underdevelopment of poorer nations

Advocates for economic independence 

(Pro 2: Dependency Theory) Encourages developing countries to reduce reliance on Western economies and develop self-sufficient industries

Explains Continued Poverty

(Pro 3: Dependency Theory) Provides a realistic explanation for why some nations remain poor despite modernization efforts, focusing on external economic pressures 

Lacks Clear Solutions

(Con 1: Dependency Theory) Criticizes global economic structures but does not always provide practical or achievable alternatives for development

Discourages Global Trade 

(Con 2: Dependency Theory) Suggest cutting ties with developed economies which would limit investments, technology transfer, and economic growth opportunities 

Overemphasizes External Factors

(Con 3: Dependency Theory)Focuses heavily on external exploitation which undermines the role of domestic policies, corruption, and governance in underdevelopment