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Modernization Theory
Suggests that social, economic, and political progress occurs through the adoption of modern practices, institutions, and technologies.
Pushes for Technological Advancement
( Pro 1: Modernization Theory) Promotes adopting modern technologies and infrastructure which helps both quality of life of citizens and economically
Encourages Development
( Pro 2: Modernization Theory) Provides a very clear roadmap of sorts for economic growth by putting an emphasis on industrialization, education, and democratic institutions
Institutional Stability
( Pro 3: Modernization Theory) Supports the creation of stable institutions like the government and free markets
One-size-fits-all approach
(Con 1: Modernization Theory) Assumes that all countries can follow the same linear path of development that is held by the modernization theory
The model is very ethnocentric
(Con 2: Modernization Theory) It assumes that the Western development is universally applicable. Ignores the cultural and historical differences in non-western societies
Ignoes the Structural Inequality Present
(Con 3: Modernization Theory) Fails to consider how global economic structures and historical exploitation contribute to underdevelopment
Dependency Theory
Suggests that underdevelopment is not simply a lack of modernization, but rather a result of historical exploitation and global economic structures (Externally focused)
Acknowledges Global Inequality
(Pro 1: Dependency Theory) Highlights how historical exploitation, colonialism, and global economic structures contribute to the underdevelopment of poorer nations
Advocates for economic independence
(Pro 2: Dependency Theory) Encourages developing countries to reduce reliance on Western economies and develop self-sufficient industries
Explains Continued Poverty
(Pro 3: Dependency Theory) Provides a realistic explanation for why some nations remain poor despite modernization efforts, focusing on external economic pressures
Lacks Clear Solutions
(Con 1: Dependency Theory) Criticizes global economic structures but does not always provide practical or achievable alternatives for development
Discourages Global Trade
(Con 2: Dependency Theory) Suggest cutting ties with developed economies which would limit investments, technology transfer, and economic growth opportunities
Overemphasizes External Factors
(Con 3: Dependency Theory)Focuses heavily on external exploitation which undermines the role of domestic policies, corruption, and governance in underdevelopment
